Open String on Symmetric Product

We develop some basic properties of the open string on the symmetric product which is supposed to describe the open string field theory in discrete lightcone quantization (DLCQ). After preparing the consistency conditions of the twisted boundary conditions for Annulus/M\"obius/Klein Bottle amplitudes in generic non-abelian orbifold, we classify the most general solutions of the constraints when the discrete group is $S_N$. We calculate the corresponding orbifold amplitudes from two viewpoints -- from the boundary state formalism and from the trace over the open string Hilbert space. It is shown that the topology of the world sheet for the short string and that of the long string in general do not coincide. For example the annulus sector for the short string contains all the sectors (torus, annulus, Klein bottle, M\"obius strip) of the long strings. The boundary/cross-cap states of the short strings are classified into three categories in terms of the long string, the ordinary boundary and the cross-cap states, and the ``joint'' state which describes the connection of two short strings. We show that the sum of the all possible boundary conditions is equal to the exponential of the sum of the irreducible amplitude -- one body amplitude of long open (closed) strings. This is typical structure of DLCQ partition function. We examined that the tadpole cancellation condition in our language and derived the well-known gauge group $SO(2^{13})$.Comment: 56 pages, 11 figures, Late

A solution to the hierarchy problem from an almost decoupled hidden sector within a classically scale invariant theory

If scale invariance is a classical symmetry then both the Planck scale and the weak scale should emerge as quantum effects. We show that this can be realized in simple scale invariant theories with a hidden sector. The weak/Planck scale hierarchy emerges in the (technically natural) limit where the hidden sector decouples from the ordinary sector. The weak scale is protected from quadratic divergences because of classical scale invariance, so there is no hierarchy problem.Comment: 10 page

Santon Diprenilasi dari Kayu Akar Garcinia Tetranda Pierre

Garcinia tetranda merupakan salah satu spesies dari famili Clusiaceae yang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder. Senyawa golongan santon telah berhasil diisolasi dari fraksi S ekstrak etil asetat kayu akar Garcinia tetranda Pierre. Senyawa golongan santon ini adalah α-mangostin 1 yang berupa padatan kuning dengan titik leleh 173-1740C. Metode isolasi yang digunakan yaitu Kromatografi Cair Vakum (KCV) menggunakan silika gel 60 GF254 dan dielusi dengan peningkatan kepolaran pelarut. Penentuan struktur senyawa dilakukan menggunakan analisis UV, IR, 1H dan 13C NMR, DEPT 135, korelasi HSQC dan HMBC serta dibandingkan dengan literatur

A Research of Basic Energy Reduction Approach Using PV Power Smoothing EV Storage System and LED Simple Circuit for Create Green Innovation

In general, Light Emitting Diode (LED) is low power consumption, and Photovoltaic (PV) generation of Renewable Energy is effective as energy creation. However, LED applications have a problem of LED Circuit Radiation Noise and PV generation applications have a problem of the Output Power fluctuation in the weather. This paper will be proposed as an especial approach of the energy reduction to contribute to the realization of the low carbon society in the world. In this research, without using Common Mode Choke (CMC) Noise Cut filter, the Radiation Noise reduction result in World Standard Guideline by the selection of a simple circuit of the most effective LED lighting of various power reduction methods have been confirmed by the examinations. Additionally, in order to investigate the lighting specification, the simple Lighting evaluation equipment has been developed. As an energy fluctuation reduction research, the new control system of the PV fluctuation electric power using EV battery charge-discharge electric power that is able to be easily connected with a Power Conditioning System (PCS) input is proposed. A simulation result using the actual PV generator output data is provided to confirm the effectiveness of Simple Moving Average (SMA) method. Moreover, the outline of a new large area monitoring control GIS system for the implementation of the PV generator power prognostication without the weather estimation is introduced.九工大・マレーシアプトラ大学国際合同シンポジウム: International Symposium on Applied Engineering and Sciences (SAES), September 30- October 1, 2013, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysi

How Baccalaureate Nursing Students Value an Interprofessional Patient Safety Course for Professional Development

Nursing students need foundation knowledge and skills to keep patients safe in continuously changing health care environments. A gap exists in our knowledge of the value students place on interprofessional patient safety education. The purpose of this exploratory, mixed methods study was to understand nursing students' attitudes about the value of an interprofessional patient safety course to their professional development and its role in health professions curricula. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from formative course performance measures, course evaluations, and interviews with six nursing students. The qualitative themes of awareness, ownership, and action emerged and triangulated with the descriptive quantitative results from student performance and course evaluations. Students placed high value on the course and essential nature of interprofessional patient safety content. These findings provide a first step toward integration of interprofessional patient safety education into nursing curricula and in meeting the Institute of Medicine's goals for the nursing profession

The sixth Painleve equation arising from D_4^{(1)} hierarchy

The sixth Painleve equation arises from a Drinfel'd-Sokolov hierarchy associated with the affine Lie algebra of type D_4 by similarity reduction.Comment: 14 page

Fivebranes and 4-manifolds

We describe rules for building 2d theories labeled by 4-manifolds. Using the proposed dictionary between building blocks of 4-manifolds and 2d N=(0,2) theories, we obtain a number of results, which include new 3d N=2 theories T[M_3] associated with rational homology spheres and new results for Vafa-Witten partition functions on 4-manifolds. In particular, we point out that the gluing measure for the latter is precisely the superconformal index of 2d (0,2) vector multiplet and relate the basic building blocks with coset branching functions. We also offer a new look at the fusion of defect lines / walls, and a physical interpretation of the 4d and 3d Kirby calculus as dualities of 2d N=(0,2) theories and 3d N=2 theories, respectivelyComment: 81 pages, 18 figures. v2: misprints corrected, clarifications and references added. v3: additions and corrections about lens space theory, 4-manifold gluing, smooth structure

Physical mechanisms generating spontaneous symmetry breaking and a hierarchy of scales

We discuss the phase transition in 3+1 dimensional lambda Phi^4 theory from a very physical perspective. The particles of the symmetric phase (`phions') interact via a hard-core repulsion and an induced, long-range -1/r^3 attraction. If the phion mass is sufficiently small, the lowest-energy state is not the `empty' state with no phions, but is a state with a non-zero density of phions Bose-Einstein condensed in the zero-momentum mode. The condensate corresponds to the spontaneous-symmetry-breaking vacuum with neq 0 and its excitations ("phonons" in atomic-physics language) correspond to Higgs particles. The phase transition happens when the phion's physical mass m is still positive; it does not wait until m^2 passes through zero and becomes negative. However, at and near the phase transition, m is much, much less than the Higgs mass M_h. This interesting physics coexists with `triviality;' all scattering amplitudes vanish in the continuum limit, but the vacuum condensate becomes infinitely dense. The ratio m/M_h, which goes to zero in the continuum limit, can be viewed as a measure of non-locality in the regularized theory. An intricate hierarchy of length scales naturally arises. We speculate about the possible implications of these ideas for gravity and inflation.Comment: 27 pages plus 2 files of figure

Marginal deformations in string field theory

We describe a method for obtaining analytic solutions corresponding to exact marginal deformations in open bosonic string field theory. For the photon marginal deformation we have an explicit analytic solution to all orders. Our construction is based on a pure gauge solution where the gauge field is not in the Hilbert space. We show that the solution itself is nevertheless perfectly regular. We study its gauge transformations and calculate some coefficients explicitly. Finally, we discuss how our method can be implemented for other marginal deformations.Comment: 23 pages. v2: Some paragraphs improved, typos corrected, ref adde