Perceptions of the Grant Decision-Making Process: A Study of Foundation Grantmakers and Grant Seekers Who Focus on Youth Violence in Chicago, Illinois

Local partners like churches, schools, and community organizations are often at the front lines of addressing the problem of recurring deadly violence against Black urban youth. Foundation grants are frequently used to fund their work. While foundations annually award millions of dollars in grants to community-based organizations addressing youth violence, there is little detailed information available about the foundation grantmaking decision-making process. Notably, there is a lack of research on the determinants of the grant decision-making process that may inadvertently affect grantee outcomes and ultimately the of beneficiary organizations and communities.A sample of ten decision-makers who had funded or sought funding for projects addressing youth violence in Chicago, Illinois, over the previous five years made up this descriptive phenomenological study. The study\u27s primary focus was the nuanced perspectives of the grant decision-making process. Findings conveyed that proximity and trusted others commonly have an impact on the decision-making process for grantmakers and grant seekers in both personal and professional decisions. Remarkably, 90% of study participants had a personal experience with youth violence and one study participant emphasized the necessity of centering the input of youth in violence prevention work. Grant seekers and grantmakers alike stand to gain from a more comprehensive understanding of the grant decision-making process, which may yield more productive partnerships. Ideally, this study will provide data and context for conversations that could lead to better outcomes in foundation-funded efforts to address Black urban youth violence

Job Training That Works: Findings from the Sectoral Employment Impact Study

Public funding for employment and training has dwindled over the past several decades. Yet in communities all over the United States, there has been considerable development of alternative approaches to help low-income people gain skills for particular industry sectors. In 2003, with support from the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, P/PV launched the Sectoral Employment Impact Study to test the efficacy of one such approach. Using a random-assignment design, P/PV researchers set out to answer the question: Can well-implemented, sector-focused training programs make a difference to the earnings of low-income disadvantaged workers and job seekers? Three organizations were selected to participate in the study: Jewish Vocational Service in Boston, Per Scholas in the Bronx and the Wisconsin Regional Training Partnership in Milwaukee. This issue of P/PV In Brief summarizes impacts found for participants across the three sites, including increases in earnings and employment; a more detailed report on the study will be released in late 2009

Tuning In to Local Labor Markets: Findings From the Sectoral Employment Impact Study, Executive Summary

This executive summary highlights the main findings and conclusions from "Tuning In to Local Labor Markets: Findings From the Sectoral Employment Impact Study" -- the first random assignment evaluation of sector-focused training efforts. We studied three nonprofit organizations -- a community-based organization focused on medical and basic office skills in Boston, a social venture focused on information technology in the Bronx, and an employer-union partnership focused on healthcare, manufacturing and construction in Milwaukee -- and found that participants in these programs worked more, had higher earnings and found better jobs (as measured by hourly wages and access to benefits) than members of the control group.The executive summary examines strategies used by the three organizations in the study, describes the people served, and outlines common elements that likely contributed to the programs success

Tuning In to Local Labor Markets: Findings From the Sectoral Employment Impact Study

Over the past two decades, an innovative approach to workforce development known as sectoral employment has emerged, resulting in the creation of industry-specific training programs that prepare unemployed and underskilled workers for skilled positions and connect them with employers seeking to fill such vacancies. In 2003, with funding from the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, P/PV launched the "Sectoral Employment Impact Study" to rigorously assess whether mature, nonprofit-led sector-focused programs could increase the earnings of disadvantaged workers and job seekers. P/PV selected three organizations to participate in the study -- a community-based organization focused on medical and basic office skills in Boston, a social venture focused on information technology in the Bronx, and an employer-union partnership focused on healthcare, manufacturing and construction in Milwaukee. The study's findings show that program participants earned about $4,500 -- 18 percent -- more than the control group over the course of the study and$4,000 -- 29 percent -- more in the second year alone. Study participants were also more likely to find employment, work more consistently, work in jobs that paid higher wages, and work in jobs that offered benefits. Furthermore, there were earnings gains for each subgroup analyzed, including African Americans, Latinos, immigrants, formerly incarcerated individuals and young adults. Tuning In to Local Labor Markets also examines the strategies employed by the three organizations that took part in the study, as well as the common elements that appeared to be critical to their success. Implications for practice, policy and future research are explored; a forthcoming piece will provide detailed recommendations for policymakers

Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Persepsi Koasisten Tentang Kebijakan Dokter Pegawai Tidak Tetap (Dokter PTT) Di Tiga Fakultas Kedokteran Di Jawa Barat = Knowledge, Attitude And Perception Of Internship Students About The Role ...

Background: The role about non permanent doctor (PTT) in Indonesia has changed in several times. The latest role is stipulated by Kepmenkes 1540/Menkes/SK/X11/2002. The content of that role mention that fresh graduate doctor are not only to be a non permanent doctor but also to be a resident or practice with temporary license. The tendency of this role is the unenthusiastic to be a non permanent doctor. The aim of this study is to know how the internship will response this role in their carrier as a doctor. Objective: This research was purposed to know how far knowledge, attitude and perception respondent about the role of non permanent doctor.. Method: The method of this research was cross sectional survey method, which done by collecting data from questionnaire (self-administered questionnaire). The respondent of this research were internship students who will finish their study for 6 month later from 3 school of medicine in West Java Province. Result: The result of this research showed that 19% of respondent has not yet known about the non-permanent doctor program (PIT), otherwise 52% has not yet known about other program (cara lain). The most of information about PTT hasn\u27t been got from the legal institution (Faculty, Ministry of Health and Indonesian Medical Council) but from the senior students. From all of the respondent, only 65 % who will commit to joint with PTT, 49 % of that will choose in West Java Province. The perception of respondent about PTT is variety. The majority said that PTT is the program for distribute the doctor (71,1%), but 23,4 % respondent said that PTT is compulsory. Most of respondent (75,6%) say that PTT must be continued with any correction, and 25,8 % say that PTT must be eliminated. Conclusion: Generally, respondent showed lack of information the role of non permanent doctor. The reason is the source of information is not from the legal institution. More than a quarter of respondent mentioned that they would not enroll to non permanent doctor program and ready to accept the consequences. Because PTT program didn\u27t have reward and punishment system, and carrier model, non permanent doctor isn\u27t the first choice of respondent for their carrier. Respondent has still appraise that PTT give them opportunity although it doesn\u27t give the good carrier after finish that program. Most respondent say that the role of PTT program has to improve. Keywords: non-permanent doctor, internshi

A Foot in the Door: Using Alternative Staffing Organizations to Open Up Opportunities for Disadvantaged Workers

Despite the current recession, temporary employment will likely represent an increasing share of the labor market in the future, particularly for entry-level and low-wage occupations. In recent economic downturns, the temporary help sector has been among the first to rebound, coming back strongly after times of high unemployment. In this climate, alternative staffing organizations, which couple temporary placements with key supportive services, are well-positioned to provide needed assistance to both disadvantaged job seekers and employers.A Foot in the Door presents P/PV's findings from the national Alternative Staffing Demonstration, funded by the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation. It provides a close examination of four alternative staffing organizations (ASOs) and their efforts to help low-skill and low-wage job seekers find employment. Unlike typical for-profit staffing firms, ASOs may offer -- in addition to the temporary jobs they help participants secure -- retention and supportive services, access to better jobs and assistance obtaining full-time, permanent employment. Fees charged to employers largely cover the costs of these services, making ASOs distinct from other workforce development strategies that depend entirely on foundation grants or public contracts and are usually required to serve certain populations. In contrast, ASOs are flexible on both the supply and demand sides -- they can make adjustments to whom they serve to meet employer needs and identify businesses that are a good match for job seekers. Our findings suggest that when this flexibility is combined with the provision of appropriate supportive services, it may open doors for populations that would otherwise have difficulty accessing these opportunities.A companion report from the Center for Social Policy at the University of Massachusetts Boston's John W. McCormack Graduate School of Policy Studies focuses on the capacity of the four ASOs to generate job assignments and serve two sets of customers -- job seekers and employers -- and explores the financial and operational implications of meeting mission and income-generation goals

Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Persepsi Koasisten tentang Kebijakan Dokter Pegawai Tidak Tetap (Dokter PTT) di Tiga Fakultas Kedokteran di Jawa Barat

TERSEDIA DALAM FIL

A novel method for determination of aragonite saturation state on the continental shelf of central Oregon using multi-parameter relationships with hydrographic data

We developed a multiple linear regression model to robustly determine aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) from observations of temperature and oxygen (R² = 0.987, RMS error 0.053), using data collected in the Pacific Northwest region in late May 2007. The seasonal evolution of Ωarag near central Oregon was evaluated by applying the regression model to a monthly (winter)/bi-weekly (summer) watercolumn hydrographic time-series collected over the shelf and slope in 2007. The Ωarag predicted by the regression model was less than 1, the thermodynamic calcification/dissolution threshold, over shelf/slope bottom waters throughout the entire 2007 upwelling season (May–November), with the Ωarag = 1 horizon shoaling to 30 m by late summer. The persistence of water with Ωarag < 1 on the continental shelf has not been previously noted and could have notable ecological consequences for benthic and pelagic calcifying organisms such as mussels, oysters, abalone, echinoderms, and pteropods.Keywords: aragonite saturation state, calcification, CaCO

Presidential Election Laws and Multipartism in Latin America

This article examines the interaction between the rules governing presidential elections and multipartism in Latin America. Data from 16 Latin American systems are examined through the use of a multivariate model to gain an understanding of the independent impact of presidential electoral formula (plurality vs. majority), the timing of presidential and legislative elections (concurrent vs. nonconcurrent) and legislative district magnitude on legislative multipartism, and by extension, on the number of relevant political parties operating in the nation. The findings demonstrate the strong and significant impact which formula and timing have on multipartism. They also point to the importance of examining the interaction between elections for different constituent institutions. Finally, they underscore the applicability of Duverger's law to presidential elections.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68710/2/10.1177_106591299404700103.pd