Herschel-ATLAS: The dust energy balance in the edge-on spiral galaxy UGC4754

We use Herschel PACS and SPIRE observations of the edge-on spiral galaxy UGC4754, taken as part of the H-ATLAS SDP observations, to investigate the dust energy balance in this galaxy. We build detailed SKIRT radiative models based on SDSS and UKIDSS maps and use these models to predict the far-infrared emission. We find that our radiative transfer model underestimates the observed FIR emission by a factor of two to three. Similar discrepancies have been found for other edge-on spiral galaxies based on IRAS, ISO, and SCUBA data. Thanks to the good sampling of the SED at FIR wavelengths, we can rule out an underestimation of the FIR emissivity as the cause for this discrepancy. Instead we support highly obscured star formation that contributes little to the optical extinction as a more probable explanation

Spitzer 70-micron Confusion Level

Spitzer 70μm confusion measurements are presented based on ultra-deep MIPS-70μm observations of GOODS Hubble Deep Field North (HDFN). The instrument noise for the MIPS-70μm band integrates down with nearly t^(−0.5) for the low background HDF-N field. The estimated confusion level is σ_c = 0.30 ± 0.15mJy for a limiting flux density of 1.5mJy (q = 5)

Agricultural Production Intensification in Ukraine: Decision Support of Agricultural Policies Based On the Assessment of Ecological and Social Impacts in Rural Areas

Agriculture is one of the major economic sectors of Ukraine. Therefore, improving agricultural practices is of critical importance for economy, environment, and society in Ukraine. Rapidly increasing intensification of agricultural production promotes large agrarian enterprises. These processes lead to certain consequences. An export-oriented business has a raw character, doesn't fulfill its social role and carries environmental risks. The main goal of these studies is to investigate flexible crop production portfolios/practices at the regional and district level in Ukraine to meet local agro-ecological norms, consumers demand, financial resources, availability of infrastructure and help to improve local strategies for food security and robust land resource utilization. The proposed stochastic model calculates in accordance with available database at regional (25 regions) and district (496 districts) levels the results, which are visualized using GIS software. This paper analyzes current land use processes and develops proper policy recommendations to mitigate the negative consequences (socio, ecology, economic) of unsustainable agricultural intensification in the future

Properties of Divisor Graphs

For a finite and nonempty set S of positive integers, the divisor graph G(S) of S has vertex set S, and two distinct vertices i and j are adjacent if and only if i|j or j|i, while the divisor digraph D(S) of S has vertex set S and (i, j) is an arc of D(S) if and only if i|j. A graph G is a divisor graph if there exists a set S of positive integers such that G is isomorphic to G(S). It is shown that for a divisor graph G with a transitive vertex, G x H is a divisor graph if and only if H has no edges. For m, n in N, with m greater than or equal to five there exists a non-divisor graph G, of order m + n, that has m neighborhoods that are divisor graphs and n neighborhoods that are not divisor graphs

Some Geometry of \u3cem\u3eH\u3c/em\u3e(R\u3csup\u3en\u3c/sup\u3e)

If X is a complete metric space, the collection of all non-empty compact subsets of X forms a complete metric space (H(X), h), where h is the Hausdorff metric. In this paper we explore some of the geometry of the space H(Rn). Specifically, we concentrate on understanding lines in H(R). In particular, we show that for any two points A, B, ∈ H(Rn), there exist infinitely many points on the line joining A and B. We characterize some points on the lines formed using closed and bounded intervals of R and show that two distinct lines in H(R) can intersect in infinitely many points

Phenological Attributes and Phylogenetic Relationships of \u3ci\u3eRhagoletis Juniperina\u3c/i\u3e Marcovitch (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Great Lakes Region

Rhagoletis juniperina Marcovitch (Diptera: Tephritidae) infests Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) and other North American junipers. While several Rhagoletis species are of interest as orchard crop pests (apple maggot, blueberry maggot, cherry fruit fly) and as models for studying speciation (R. pomonella Walsh species group), R. juniperina is of interest because it may tie together evolutionarily the Nearctic and Palearctic Rhagoletis fauna. One goal of this study was to test two competing hypotheses first proposed by Bush (1966): i) that R. juniperina is more closely related to the Nearctic dogwood- infesting R. tabellaria (Fitch), to which it is morphologically similar; or ii) that R. juniperina is more closely related to the Eurasian juniper-infesting R. flavigenualis Hering. To study R. juniperina, which is rarely collected, we first established a local study site by collecting juniper berries from several sites in the Lansing, MI vicinity in fall 2010, finding a heavily-infested juniper tree on the Michigan State University campus. Preliminary mitochondrial COII sequences of reared pupae matched (99.8%) the R. juniperina COII sequence in GenBank, allowing tentative identification of these flies as R. juniperina. Subsequently, the morphology of adults reared from these pupae the following spring and summer confirmed this diagnosis. Phenological attributes of the Farm Lane Bridge population were determined via weekly fruit collections in fall 2011 and 2012, and “peak” larval infestation was found to occur during the first part of October, while mean post-diapause eclosion time was found to be approximately 103 days. Rhagoletis juniperina adults were also reared from infested junipers found in Wisconsin and North Carolina, indicating that the geographic range of R. juniperina on J. virginiana is broader than previously thought. Hymenopteran parasitoids of R. juniperina were also observed; both the egg parasitoid, Utetes juniperi (Fischer) (Hymenoptera: Branconidae), and a new pupal parasitoid (Coptera n. sp.) (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) were reared from fruit and pupae, respectively, collected at the MSU campus site. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial COI sequences did not resolve the relationships of R. juniperina and R. pomonella or flies in the Rhagoletis tabellaria species group. The sole R. flavigenualis individual in our sample was placed sister to an unresolved trichotomy of three clades containing these Nearctic taxa. The analysis also revealed within-species haplotype variability in R. juniperina, with a 3.8% nucleotide sequence difference observed between COI sequences of the flies from MI, WI, and NC compared to the Ontario R. juniperina sequences in the Barcode of Life database