Kaplan-Meier curves for the cumulative probabilities of detection of HIV drug resistance-associated mutations (dashed line) and of failing treatment (HIV-RNA≥400 copies/mL while on treatment) in early cART initiators, i.e. within 12 months of the estimated date of HIV seroconversion.

<p>Kaplan-Meier curves for the cumulative probabilities of detection of HIV drug resistance-associated mutations (dashed line) and of failing treatment (HIV-RNA≥400 copies/mL while on treatment) in early cART initiators, i.e. within 12 months of the estimated date of HIV seroconversion.</p

Hazard ratio (HR) k of treatment interruption by duration of HIV infection (as time between HIV seroconversion and cART initiation) and CD4 count at cART initiation.

<p>Hazard ratio (HR) k of treatment interruption by duration of HIV infection (as time between HIV seroconversion and cART initiation) and CD4 count at cART initiation.</p

Additional file 1: of Differences in response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive patients being treated for tuberculosis in Eastern Europe, Western Europe and Latin America

Supplementary material response to ART in HIV-TB. Figure S1. Probability of death in efavirenz and non-efavirenz containing ART groups by inverse probability weighting method. Figure S2. Cox adjusted survival by ART regimen during the first year stratified by naïve status. Figure S3. Adjusted probability of death in the efavirenz group compared to the non-efavirenz group for naïve patients only. Table S1. Risk factors for death in naïve patients. Figure S4. Adjusted probability of death in the efavirenz group compared to the non-efavirenz group for non-naïve patients only. Table S2. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who never started ART at the time of starting TB treatment. Table S3. Risk factors for death in non-naïve patients. (DOCX 1262 kb

Effects of rare kidney diseases on kidney failure: a longitudinal analysis of the UK National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) cohort

Individuals with rare kidney diseases account for 5-10% of people with chronic kidney disease, but constitute more than 25% of patients receiving kidney replacement therapy. The National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) gathers longitudinal data from patients with these conditions, which we used to study disease progression and outcomes of death and kidney failure.People aged 0-96 years living with 28 types of rare kidney diseases were recruited from 108 UK renal care facilities. The primary outcomes were cumulative incidence of mortality and kidney failure in individuals with rare kidney diseases, which were calculated and compared with that of unselected patients with chronic kidney disease. Cumulative incidence and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were calculated for the following outcomes: median age at kidney failure; median age at death; time from start of dialysis to death; and time from diagnosis to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) thresholds, allowing calculation of time from last eGFR of 75 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or more to first eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (the therapeutic trial window).Between Jan 18, 2010, and July 25, 2022, 27 285 participants were recruited to RaDaR. Median follow-up time from diagnosis was 9·6 years (IQR 5·9-16·7). RaDaR participants had significantly higher 5-year cumulative incidence of kidney failure than 2·81 million UK patients with all-cause chronic kidney disease (28% vs 1%; p Background Methods Findings Interpretation Funding</p