2 research outputs found
Transparency of information disclosure in banks’ financial repors
Research topicality. The annual report, including the annual financial
statements, is a key for any commercial bank to meet its accountability obligations.
These statements reveal the results of the bank’s activities on its balance sheet as
well as the use of resources at its disposal
Effect of Different Carbon Substrates on Nitrate Stable Isotope Fractionation During Microbial Denitrification
In batch experiments, we studied the isotope fractionation
in N
and O of dissolved nitrate during dentrification. Denitrifying strains <i>Thauera aromatica</i> and “<i>Aromatoleum aromaticum</i> strain EbN1” were grown under strictly anaerobic conditions
with acetate, benzoate, and toluene as carbon sources. <sup>18</sup>O-labeled water and <sup>18</sup>O-labeled nitrite were added to
the microcosm experiments to study the effect of putative backward
reactions of nitrite to nitrate on the stable isotope fractionation.
We found no evidence for a reverse reaction. Significant variations
of the stable isotope enrichment factor ε were observed depending
on the type of carbon source used. For toluene (ε<sup>15</sup>N, −18.1 ± 0.6‰ to −7.3 ± 1.4‰;
ε<sup>18</sup>O, −16.5 ± 0.6‰ to −16.1
± 1.5‰) and benzoate (ε<sup>15</sup>N, −18.9
± 1.3‰; ε<sup>18</sup>O, −15.9 ± 1.1‰)
less negative isotope enrichment factors were calculated compared
to those derived from acetate (ε<sup>15</sup>N, −23.5
± 1.9‰ to −22.1 ± 0.8‰; ε<sup>18</sup>O, −23.7 ± 1.8‰ to −19.9 ±
0.8‰). The observed isotope effects did not depend on the growth
kinetics which were similar for the three types of electron donors.
We suggest that different carbon sources change the observed isotope
enrichment factors by changing the relative kinetics of nitrate transport
across the cell wall compared to the kinetics of the intracellular
nitrate reduction step of microbial denitrification