Matrix proviverrinae

Matrix dealing with the relationships among Proviverrina

Characters

List of character

Dental measurements of Rhynchomys specimens

Excel file with dental measurements of Rhynchomys specimens

New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)

<p>We report the discovery of the earliest European carnivoraforms, based on two new taxa from the latest Paleocene of France and Romania. A new species of <i>Vassacyon, V. prieuri</i>, from the locality of Rivecourt (MP6b; Oise, France) (MP = Mammalian Paleogene reference levels) is described based on a dentary fragment and isolated teeth. This species displays several primitive features compared with species of <i>Vassacyon</i> known from the early Eocene of North America and Europe. A second Paleocene carnivoraform, cf. <i>Gracilocyon</i> sp., is described based on fragmentary specimens from the locality of Jibou (MP6b; Transylvania, Romania). Carnivoraformes were previously unknown in Europe before the Eocene, and <i>Vassacyon prieuri</i> and cf. <i>Gracilocyon</i> sp. are their oldest records in Europe. These discoveries favor the hypothesis of a dispersal of these two genera from Europe to North America during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. <i>Vassacyon prieuri</i> and cf. <i>Gracilocyon</i> sp. strengthen support for the level MP6b and its correlation with the Clarkforkian. The geographic origin of the Carnivoraformes remains unknown. However, based on the observed biochronological and geographic distributions of the carnivoraforms, we infer a possible Asian origin for this group. In this scenario, <i>Gracilocyon</i> and <i>Vassacyon</i> dispersed to Europe during the Clarkforkian MP6b time, probably together with rodent taxa, whereas <i>Uintacyon</i> dispersed from Asia to North America shortly after rodents and tillodonts.</p> <p>http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FC885E7F-877A-4454-9902-DF118B8C8693</p> <p>SUPPLEMENTAL DATA—Supplemental materials are available forthis article for free at <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/UJVP" target="_blank">www.tandfonline.com/UJVP</a></p> <p>Citation for this article: Solé, F., T. Smith, E. de Bast, V. Codrea, and E. Gheerbrant. 2016. New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. </p

Matrix Winclada

The Matrix formatted for Winclad

Matrix TNT

The matrix formatted for TN

Matrix (Nexus)

The matrix in Nexus file forma

Comparison of the skull in dorsal view of Hyaenodontidae (left) and Hyainailouridae (right).

<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> for description of the numbered features. Left: skull of <i>Sinopa grangeri</i> redrawn after Matthew ([<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.ref055" target="_blank">55</a>], <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a>); right: skull of <i>Apterodon macrognathus</i> redrawn after Osborn ([<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.ref056" target="_blank">56</a>]; <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135698#pone.0135698.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1A</a>).</p

Comparison of the cranial features of Hyaenodontidae and Hyainailouridae.

<p>Comparison of the cranial features of Hyaenodontidae and Hyainailouridae.</p

Upper dentition of <i>Kerberos langebadreae</i> gen. & sp. nov. (holotype, MNHN.F.EBA 517).

<p>A, right maxilla bearing P¹ and P⁴-M³ in occlusal view. B, left maxilla bearing P²-M³ in occlusal view.</p