489 research outputs found

    Estudio de la variación de la línea de las ápsides en sistemas binarios masivos

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    A pesar de su importancia en los procesos de formación de estrellas y planetas, así como en la estructura física, química y morfológica de las galaxias, varios parámetros astrofísicos fundamentales de las estrellas de gran masa son hasta ahora muy poco conocidos, y el primero de ellos es justamente la masa. En esta tesis intentamos incrementar el conocimiento de estas estrellas, y en especial de su masa, mediante el estudio del movimiento de la línea de las ápsides de sus órbitas, también conocido como movimiento apsidal o precesión orbital. Nuestra atención se centró en todos los sistemas binarios tipo O+OB conocidos, con soluciones orbitales excéntricas publicadas, y observables con el instrumental disponible desde el hemisferio sur. Mediante una búsqueda bibliográfica encontramos 17 sistemas con estas características. Recolectamos 853 espectros de alta resolución de dichos sistemas, obtenidos desde CASLEO haciendo uso de turnos otorgados especialmente para esta tesis, y también desde Las Campanas Observatory y ESO - La Silla en Chile, en el marco del relevamiento OWN Survey. Medimos las velocidades radiales de las componentes de los sistemas y simultáneamente separamos sus espectros, mediante una técnica conocida como disentangling. Clasificamos espectralmente esas componentes y medimos su velocidad de rotación proyectada. Ajustamos nuevas soluciones orbitales a todos los sistemas utilizando las velocidades radiales medidas. Comparamos los elementos orbitales actuales con los anteriores y encontramos 2 casos con períodos incorrectos, y 2 con órbitas circulares, no excéntricas. Detectamos cambios, con diferentes grados de certeza, en la longitud del periastro de las órbitas de los restantes 13 sistemas. En 8 de esos sistemas pudimos detectar claramente movimiento apsidal y ajustamos nuevas soluciones orbitales, que consideran este movimiento, utilizando nuestras medidas de velocidad radial junto con todas las publicadas anteriormente. De este modo, obtuvimos la velocidad del movimiento apsidal en ellos. En los otros 5 sistemas encontramos indicios de movimiento apsidal, y calculamos un primer valor tentativo de su velocidad, que deberá ser confirmado con estudios posteriores. Descubrimos que uno de los sistemas estudiados (HD165052), presenta el movimiento apsidal más rápido conocido hasta el momento para un sistema binario O+OB. Usando la velocidad del movimiento apsidal y modelos de evolución estelar, con el método del movimiento apsidal calculamos las masas de las estrellas componentes de 7 sistemas binarios de gran masa, las cuales se encuentran dentro de los rangos determinados previamente para sus tipos espectrales. En 3 de estos sistemas, que eran eclipsantes, las diferencias entre las masas obtenidas por el método tradicional y por el método del movimiento apsidal están entre el 1 y el 15%. De este modo, mostramos que el estudio del movimiento apsidal puede aportar nuevos conocimientos sobre parámetros astrofísicos fundamentales de las estrellas masivas y, especialmente, sobre sus masas.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísica

    ALMA Observations of Elias 2-24: A Protoplanetary Disk with Multiple Gaps in the Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud

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    We present ALMA 1.3 mm continuum observations at 0."2 (25 au) resolution of Elias 2-24, one of the largest andbrightest protoplanetary disks in the Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud, and we report the presence of three partiallyresolved concentric gaps located at ∼20, 52, and 87 au from the star. We perform radiative transfer modeling of thedisk to constrain its surface density and temperature radial profile and place the disk structure in the context ofmechanisms capable of forming narrow gaps such as condensation fronts and dynamical clearing by activelyforming planets. In particular, we estimate the disk temperature at the locations of the gaps to be 23, 15, and 12 K(at 20, 52, and 87 au, respectively), very close to the expected snowlines of CO (23-28 K) and N2 (12-15 K).Similarly, by assuming that the widths of the gaps correspond to 4-8x the Hill radii of forming planets (assuggested by numerical simulations), we estimate planet masses in the range of 0.2-1.5 MJup, 1.0-8.0 MJup, and 0.02-0.15 MJup for the inner, middle, and outer gap, respectively. Given the surface density profile of the disk, theamount of missing mass at the location of each one of these gaps (between 4 and 20 MJup) is more than sufficientto account for the formation of such planets.La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

    ALMA Observations of Elias 2-24: A Protoplanetary Disk with Multiple Gaps in the Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud

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    We present ALMA 1.3 mm continuum observations at 0."2 (25 au) resolution of Elias 2-24, one of the largest andbrightest protoplanetary disks in the Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud, and we report the presence of three partiallyresolved concentric gaps located at ∼20, 52, and 87 au from the star. We perform radiative transfer modeling of thedisk to constrain its surface density and temperature radial profile and place the disk structure in the context ofmechanisms capable of forming narrow gaps such as condensation fronts and dynamical clearing by activelyforming planets. In particular, we estimate the disk temperature at the locations of the gaps to be 23, 15, and 12 K(at 20, 52, and 87 au, respectively), very close to the expected snowlines of CO (23-28 K) and N2 (12-15 K).Similarly, by assuming that the widths of the gaps correspond to 4-8x the Hill radii of forming planets (assuggested by numerical simulations), we estimate planet masses in the range of 0.2-1.5 MJup, 1.0-8.0 MJup, and 0.02-0.15 MJup for the inner, middle, and outer gap, respectively. Given the surface density profile of the disk, theamount of missing mass at the location of each one of these gaps (between 4 and 20 MJup) is more than sufficientto account for the formation of such planets.La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

    Apsidal motion in massive close binary systems - I: HD 165052, an extreme case?

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    We present a new set of radial velocity measurements of the spectroscopic binary HD 165052 obtained by disentangling high-resolution optical spectra. The longitude of the periastron (ω = 60 ± 2°) shows a variation with respect to previous studies. We have determined the apsidal motion rate of the system, ω = 12.1 ± 0.° 3 yr-1, which was used to calculate the absolute masses of the binary components: M1 = 22.5 ± 1.0Mȯ and M2 = 20.5 ± 0.9Mȯ. Analysing the separated spectra, we have reclassified the components as O7Vz and O7.5Vz stars.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

    Photometric and spectroscopic variations of the Be star HD 112999

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    Be objects are stars of B spectral type showing lines of the Balmer series in emission. The presence of these lines is attributed to the existence of an extended envelope, disk type, around them. Some stars are observed in both the Be and normal B-type spectroscopic states and they are known as transient Be stars. In this paper we show the analysis carried out on a new possible transient Be star, labelled HD 112999, using spectroscopic optical observations and photometric data.Instituto Argentino de RadioastronomíaFacultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

    Photometric and spectroscopic variations of the Be star HD 112999

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    Be objects are stars of B spectral type showing lines of the Balmer series in emission. The presence of these lines is attributed to the existence of an extended envelope, disk type, around them. Some stars are observed in both the Be and normal B-type spectroscopic states and they are known as transient Be stars. In this paper we show the analysis carried out on a new possible transient Be star, labelled HD 112999, using spectroscopic optical observations and photometric data.Instituto Argentino de RadioastronomíaFacultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

    Apsidal motion in massive close binary systems - I: HD 165052, an extreme case?

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    We present a new set of radial velocity measurements of the spectroscopic binary HD 165052 obtained by disentangling high-resolution optical spectra. The longitude of the periastron (ω = 60 ± 2°) shows a variation with respect to previous studies. We have determined the apsidal motion rate of the system, ω = 12.1 ± 0.° 3 yr-1, which was used to calculate the absolute masses of the binary components: M1 = 22.5 ± 1.0Mȯ and M2 = 20.5 ± 0.9Mȯ. Analysing the separated spectra, we have reclassified the components as O7Vz and O7.5Vz stars.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y GeofísicasInstituto de Astrofísica de La Plat

    V band photometry of the SN2003gf supernova utilizing the 2MASS catalog

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    Hemos obtenido varias imágenes de la supernova SN 2003gf en el Observatorio de Maranganí (departamento de Cusco, Perú), en la noche del 3 al 4 de julio del 2003, a partir de lo cual hemos estimado su brillo en la banda V, obteniendo una magnitud de 15.10 ± 0.09. Esto fue conseguido con una calibración apropiada del campo de estrellas, considerando los datos fotométricos de las bandas infrarrojas del catálogo 2MASS. La precisión conseguida tiene un razonable concordancia con las mediciones realizadas por otros observadores.We obtained several images of SN 2003gf at the Marangani Observatory (Peru) on the night 3–4 July 2003 from which we have estimated its brightness in the V band, as 15.10±0.09 mag. This was obtained after a proper calibration of the starfield, considering the photometric data of the infrared bands of the 2MASS catalog. The precision achieved shows a reasonable agreement with measurements by other observers.Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísica

    Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph Distant Quasar Survey: Initial Results

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    We present the first installment of spectroscopic measurements performed with the Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph Distant Quasar Survey (GNIRS-DQS). This is a three-year project, launched in 2017, aimed at obtaining high quality near-infrared spectroscopy of 416 Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasars between redshifts of 1.5 and 3.5 in the ~1.0-2.5 μm band. A combination of the GNIRS and SDSS spectra will cover principal quasar diagnostic features, chiefly the C IV, Mg II, Hβ, and [O III] emission lines, in each source. The spectral inventory will be utilized primarily to develop prescriptions for obtaining more accurate and precise redshifts, black hole masses, and accretion rates for all quasars. Additionally, our measurements will facilitate a more complete understanding of how the rest-frame UV-optical spectral properties of quasars depend on redshift and luminosity, and test whether the physical properties of the quasar central engine evolve over cosmic time. Our raw data are immediately available to the public through the Gemini Observatory Archive, and our final reduced and calibrated spectra will be made available shortly thereafter on a dedicated public website. This work is supported by National Science Foundation grants AST-1815281 and AST-1815645.Fil: Matthews, Brandon. University of North Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Shemmer, Ohad. University of North Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Brotherton, Michael S.. University of North Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Andruchow, Ileana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Boronson, Todd A.. Las Cumbres Observatory; ChileFil: Brandt, W. N.. State University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Cellone, Sergio Aldo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Ferrero Sosa, Gabriel Antonio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: and other authors. no específica; Argentina235th Meeting of the American Astronomical SocietySeattleEstados UnidosAmerican Astronomical Societ

    Non-synchronous rotations in massive binary systems: HD 93343 revisited

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    Context. Most massive stars are in binary or multiple systems. Several massive stars have been detected as double-lined spectroscopic binaries and among these, the OWN Survey has detected a non-negligible number whose components show very different spectral line broadening (i.e., projected rotational velocities). This fact raises a discussion about the contributing processes, such as angular-momentum transfer and tidal forces. Aims. We seek to constrain the physical and evolutionary status of one of such systems, the O+O binary HD 93343. Methods. We analyzed a series of high-resolution multiepoch optical spectra to determine the orbital parameters, projected rotational velocities, and evolutionary status of the system. Results. HD 93343 is a binary system comprised of two O7.5 Vz stars that each have minimum masses of approximately 22 M in a wide and eccentric orbit (e = 0.398±0.004; P = 50.432±0.001 d). Both stars have very similar stellar parameters, and hence ages. As expected from the qualitative appearance of the combined spectrum of the system, however, these stars have very different projected rotational velocities (65 and 325 km s-1, respectively). Conclusions. The orbits and stellar parameters obtained for both components seem to indicate that their youth and relative separation is enough to discard the effects of mass transfer and tidal friction. Thus, non-synchronization should be intrinsic to their formation.Instituto de Astrofísica de La PlataFacultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísica
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