Increased eating disorder frequency and body image disturbance among fashion models due to intense environmental pressure: a content analysis

IntroductionFemale fashion models are under intense occupational pressure. The present study focuses on assessing the lived experience of fashion models with regards to their dieting and exercising habits, body image perception, eating disorder-like symptoms, and experience of abuse via self-narrated reports.MethodsSeries of open questions were distributed among international fashion models (N=84, mean age=23.2 years; mean BMI=16.9) selected by convenience and snowball sampling. Models from 17 countries participated. The questions targeted models’ eating, exercising, dieting habits, body image perception, and eating disorder symptoms. The average word count of the transcripts was 2473.9 (SD = 2791.6). Thematic content analysis was performed on the transcripts. A total of 31 codes were created to address disordered eating and body image concerns.ResultsNegative body-related claims appeared in 89.3%, and positive claims in 64.3% of the models’ transcripts. Negative remarks about eating were made by 45.2% of the participants, and 23.8% positively. Control over their food intake was exercised by 78.6% of the participants and 40.5% used extreme calorie restriction. Models who talked more positively about their bodies expressed significantly more frequently extreme calorie restriction. Extreme sports habits occurred in 23.8% of the transcripts, obsessive sports habits were claimed by 11.9% of participants. Self-induced vomiting was prominent in 14.3% of the answers. Criticism from other industry members was experienced by 83.3% of the participants while 44.0% received body appreciation. Body image disorder-like symptoms were expressed by 63.1% of models. Such models mentioned significantly more often content about eating disorders and talked significantly more negatively about eating. Psychological problems were mentioned by 48.8%, whereas 16.7% took part in psychotherapy. Those who partake in therapy mentioned significantly more eating disorder content in their narratives. Abuse was mentioned by 25.0% of the models.ConclusionFashion models are experiencing increased environmental pressure to conform to the extreme slimness ideal. There is a heightened prevalence of disordered eating and other weight-controlling behaviours among fashion models to succeed in their careers. Qualitative research is crucial in understanding the more subtle dynamics in conforming to and maintaining the thin beauty ideal

Density-based one-dimensional model potentials for strong-field simulations in He\text{He}, H2+\text{H}_{2}^{+} and H2\text{H}_{2}

We present results on the accurate one-dimensional (1D) modeling of simple atomic and molecular systems excited by strong laser fields. We use atomic model potentials that we derive from the corrections proposed earlier using the reduced ground state density of a three-dimensional (3D) single-active electron atom. The correction involves a change of the asymptotics of the 1D Coulomb model potentials while maintaining the correct ground state energy. We present three different applications of this method: we construct correct 1D models of the hydrogen molecular ion, the helium atom and the hydrogen molecule using improved parameters of existing soft-core Coulomb potential forms. We test these 1D models by comparing the corresponding numerical simulation results with their 3D counterparts in typical strong-field physics scenarios with near- and mid-infrared laser pulses, having peak intensities in the $10^{14}-10^{15}\,\mathrm{W/cm}^2$ range, and we find an impressively increased accuracy in the dynamics of the most important atomic quantities on the time scale of the excitation. We also present the high-order harmonic spectra of the He atom, computed using our 1D atomic model potentials. They show a very good match with the structure and phase obtained from the 3D simulations in an experimentally important range of excitation amplitudes

Peptid nukleinsavak szerkezete - elméleti számítások = Peptide Nucleic Acids - Theoretical Approach

Megállapítottuk, hogy a 3- és 5-metil-6-aminouracil mesterséges nukleobázisok (NB-ok) valamely természetes bázissal alkotott bázispárja energetikailag az A-T párhoz áll közel. Néhány esetben azt tapasztaltuk, hogy képesek a G-C párhoz hasonló kölcsönhatási energiára. DNS-be, RNS-be építve a mesterséges NB-ok inkább az A-T párhoz közeli kölcsönhatást alakíthat ki, nagyobb konformációs szabadsággal bíró PNS esetében már könnyebben előállhatnak a nagyobb kötésenergiájú geometriák is. Így PNS-ben alkalmazásuk alternatívát jelenthet a C, vagy G NB-okkal való párképzésre. PNS di- és tetrapeptidmodellek energetikailag legjobb szerkezeteit és a legfontosabb intramolekuláris kölcsönhatásokat határoztuk meg elméleti módszerekkel. 3,5,7 egység hosszú PNS lánc középső monomer egységében meghatároztuk a bázis síkjának és a linker részen megadott sík relatív orientációját módosított xantinil bázis két tautomerjénél. Kidolgoztunk egy kiértékelési eljárást, amely alkalmas a PNS konformációs terének elemzésére. A PNS duplexben a H-híd kötések és a pi-stacking töltés eltolódást okoz, amelynek hatása van a szálak és a bázisok közötti kölcsönhatásokra. Peptid, PNS modellek és duplex fém ionnal (Cu2+, Zn2+) alkotott komplexek szerkezetét elméleti módszerekkel tanulmányoztuk. Új modellt dolgoztunk ki GC állófázis polaritásának leírására és spermidin-PNS molekulák polisziloxánokon történő megkötődésére. PNS és peptid modellek kötődését tanulmányoztuk HSP90 fehérjén dokkolással. | The base pairs (BPs) of 3- and 5-methyl-6-aminouracils with natural nucleobases (NBs) was studied theoretically. The interaction energy (Einter) of the BPs was analyzed using a quantitative bond energy decomposition scheme. The results show that the Einter of an artificial-natural BP is mostly close to the Einter of the A-T. Incorporating the 6-aminouracils into DNA/RNA strands, we expect Einter similar to that of the A-T BP. In PNA the orientation of the NB are strongly influenced by the flexibility of the linker part between the main-chain and the NB. Two tautomeric forms were introduced (7H,9H) of 3-xanthinyl (3X), where in case of the 9H compound allows for an additional intramolecular bond between the linker and the NB part of the PNA monomer. Structures were examined by our method, which is the generalization of the Ramachandran-protocol. 9H tautomer was found to have a special orientation stabilized by the extra intermolecular interaction. The best conformations of PNS dipeptide models (A,T,C,G,U) and Ac-XGG(A)-NHMe tetrapeptide models were analyzed by MM, semiempirical QC and ab initio/DFT methods. Interactions (H-bonds, pi-stacking) in PNA.PNA and PNA.DNA duplexes were analyzed as well as the interactions of metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+) on the structure of duplexes, monomers and small peptides. New models were developed on the polarity of stationary phases and binding of biopolymers on polysiloxanes. Binding of peptide derivatives was theoretically described on HSP90