The expression of estrogen receptor beta in precancerous prostate lesions and adenocarcinoma

Adenokarcinom prostate (PCa) je najčešći karcinom u muškaraca. Intraepitelne prostatične neoplazme visokog gradusa (HGPIN) su lezije koje prethode nastanku invazivnog karcinoma i podrazumevaju kompletno odsustvo bazalnih ćelija i invaziju strome malignim acinusima. Estrogeni receptor β (ERβ) se nalazi u jedrima bazalnih i sekretornih ćelija acinusa i delimično u stromalnim ćelijama. Cilj istraživanja je da prikaže i lokalizuje ERβ u različitim morfološkim lezijama prostate: hiperplaziji (BHP), PINu i u PCa sa različitim Gleason scorom. Pretpostavlja se da prekancerozne lezije u svojim različitim fazama evolucije ne koreliraju u potpunosti sa ekspresijom ERβ. LGPIN pokazuje ekspresiju, dok u HGPINu nema ekspresije. Takođe je pretpostavka da ekspresija ERβ postoji u većine srednje diferentovanih PCa, te da se ekspresija posmatranog receptora gubi sa porastom Gleason scora. Ispitivano je pet grupa bolesnika:  kontrolna grupa sa BHP i četiri eksperimentalne grupe (PIN i 3 različite grupe PCa). Studija je sprovedena na muškarcima različite starosti u periodu 2010–2012. Nijedan pacijent nije prethodno primio hormonsku terapiju. Sekstant biopsije prostate su bojene na ERβ (Novocastra). Lokalizacija i intenzitet ERβ ekspresije prikazani su kroz skor: 0 = nula; 1 = 66%. Pozitivni fibroblasti i endotelne ćelije su korišćene za poređenje. Smanjena ekspresija ERβ primećena je kod malignih i premalignih lezija prostate naspram BHP. Ekspresija ERβ u epitelnim ćelijama acinusa bila je najslabija u dobro diferentovanim PCa. Kod BHP i dobro diferentovanih PCa bila je veća ekspresija ERβ u bazalnim ćelijama nego u sekretornim. Loše diferentovani PCa prikazali su smanjenje ekspresije ERβ u bazalnim ćelijama. Ukupna ćelijska ekspresija ERβ predstavlja složen i ponekad moguće paradoksalan nalaz, na osnovu čega primarni PCa zadržava ekspresiju ovog receptora, ali ipak značajno nižu u poređenju sa benignim epitelom i premalignim lezijama. Ovaj nalaz podupire stanovište o antiproliferativnoj ulozi ERβ u tkivu prostate.Adenocarcinoma of the prostate (PCa) is the most common cancer in men. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) are lesions that precede to invasive carcinomas and include complete absence of basal cells and stromal invasion by malignant acini. Estrogen receptor ß(ERß) is located in the nuclei of basal and secretory cells and partly in stromal ones.The aim of the research is to describe and localize ERß in different morphological lesions: prostate hyperplasia (BPH), PIN and PCa with different Gleason score. It is assumed that pre-cancerous lesions in different stages of their evolution not correlate completely with the expression ERß. LGPIN shows expression, while there is no expression in HGPIN. It is also an assumption that the expression ERß exists in most medium differentiated PCa, and that the expression of this receptor loses with increasing of Gleason score. Five groups of patient were investigated: control group with BPH and four experimental groups (PIN and 3 different groups of PCa). The study was conducted on men of different ages in the period 2010-2012. None of the patients received prior hormonal therapy. Sextant prostate biopsy were stained on ERß (Novocastra). ERß expression is shown through the score: 0 = zero; 1 = 66%. Positive fibroblasts and endothelial cells were used for comparison. Reduced expression was observed in malignant and premalignant lesions of the prostate versus BPH. ERß expression in the epithelial cells of acini was the weakest in well-differentiated PCa. In BPH and well differentiated PCa was greater expression in the basal cells than in secretory ones. Poorly differentiated PCa showed a decreased ERß expression in basal cells. Total cellular expression of ERß is a complex and sometimes paradoxical finding on the basis of which the primary PCa retains expression of this receptor, but significantly lower compared to benign epithelium and premalignant lesions. This finding supports the antiproliferative role of ERß in prostate tissue

The expression of estrogen receptor beta in precancerous prostate lesions and adenocarcinoma

Adenokarcinom prostate (PCa) je najčešći karcinom u muškaraca. Intraepitelne prostatične neoplazme visokog gradusa (HGPIN) su lezije koje prethode nastanku invazivnog karcinoma i podrazumevaju kompletno odsustvo bazalnih ćelija i invaziju strome malignim acinusima. Estrogeni receptor β (ERβ) se nalazi u jedrima bazalnih i sekretornih ćelija acinusa i delimično u stromalnim ćelijama. Cilj istraživanja je da prikaže i lokalizuje ERβ u različitim morfološkim lezijama prostate: hiperplaziji (BHP), PINu i u PCa sa različitim Gleason scorom. Pretpostavlja se da prekancerozne lezije u svojim različitim fazama evolucije ne koreliraju u potpunosti sa ekspresijom ERβ. LGPIN pokazuje ekspresiju, dok u HGPINu nema ekspresije. Takođe je pretpostavka da ekspresija ERβ postoji u većine srednje diferentovanih PCa, te da se ekspresija posmatranog receptora gubi sa porastom Gleason scora. Ispitivano je pet grupa bolesnika:  kontrolna grupa sa BHP i četiri eksperimentalne grupe (PIN i 3 različite grupe PCa). Studija je sprovedena na muškarcima različite starosti u periodu 2010–2012. Nijedan pacijent nije prethodno primio hormonsku terapiju. Sekstant biopsije prostate su bojene na ERβ (Novocastra). Lokalizacija i intenzitet ERβ ekspresije prikazani su kroz skor: 0 = nula; 1 = 66%. Pozitivni fibroblasti i endotelne ćelije su korišćene za poređenje. Smanjena ekspresija ERβ primećena je kod malignih i premalignih lezija prostate naspram BHP. Ekspresija ERβ u epitelnim ćelijama acinusa bila je najslabija u dobro diferentovanim PCa. Kod BHP i dobro diferentovanih PCa bila je veća ekspresija ERβ u bazalnim ćelijama nego u sekretornim. Loše diferentovani PCa prikazali su smanjenje ekspresije ERβ u bazalnim ćelijama. Ukupna ćelijska ekspresija ERβ predstavlja složen i ponekad moguće paradoksalan nalaz, na osnovu čega primarni PCa zadržava ekspresiju ovog receptora, ali ipak značajno nižu u poređenju sa benignim epitelom i premalignim lezijama. Ovaj nalaz podupire stanovište o antiproliferativnoj ulozi ERβ u tkivu prostate.Adenocarcinoma of the prostate (PCa) is the most common cancer in men. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) are lesions that precede to invasive carcinomas and include complete absence of basal cells and stromal invasion by malignant acini. Estrogen receptor ß(ERß) is located in the nuclei of basal and secretory cells and partly in stromal ones.The aim of the research is to describe and localize ERß in different morphological lesions: prostate hyperplasia (BPH), PIN and PCa with different Gleason score. It is assumed that pre-cancerous lesions in different stages of their evolution not correlate completely with the expression ERß. LGPIN shows expression, while there is no expression in HGPIN. It is also an assumption that the expression ERß exists in most medium differentiated PCa, and that the expression of this receptor loses with increasing of Gleason score. Five groups of patient were investigated: control group with BPH and four experimental groups (PIN and 3 different groups of PCa). The study was conducted on men of different ages in the period 2010-2012. None of the patients received prior hormonal therapy. Sextant prostate biopsy were stained on ERß (Novocastra). ERß expression is shown through the score: 0 = zero; 1 = 66%. Positive fibroblasts and endothelial cells were used for comparison. Reduced expression was observed in malignant and premalignant lesions of the prostate versus BPH. ERß expression in the epithelial cells of acini was the weakest in well-differentiated PCa. In BPH and well differentiated PCa was greater expression in the basal cells than in secretory ones. Poorly differentiated PCa showed a decreased ERß expression in basal cells. Total cellular expression of ERß is a complex and sometimes paradoxical finding on the basis of which the primary PCa retains expression of this receptor, but significantly lower compared to benign epithelium and premalignant lesions. This finding supports the antiproliferative role of ERß in prostate tissue

Intranazalni pleomorfni adenom podrijetlom iz lateralne stijenke nosa

Pleomorphic adenoma is very rare in the sinonasal region, with the most common localization on the nasal septum, followed by lateral nasal wall. In the case presented, a 72-year-old woman was complaining of the right sided nasal obstruction without any other symptoms. The symptom started a year before and increased progressively. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed a mucosa-covered, smooth-surfaced, soft, polypoid, pale, grayish-pink in color mass in the right nasal cavity, approximately 2x2 cm in size. Nasal endoscopy showed the mass to have a broad base on the lateral nasal wall. Computerized tomography scan showed a homogeneous, solid soft tissue mass, 25x18x12 mm in size, which was attached to the lateral nasal wall, behind the nasal vestibule, just in front of the inferior turbinate. Endonasal endoscopic complete tumor excision was performed, during which some spillage of the tumor occurred. Histology diagnosis was pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary glands. The patient was followed up on regular basis and had no tumor recurrence in the 6th postoperative year. Intranasal pleomorphic adenoma arising from the lateral nasal wall in front of the inferior turbinate is extremely rare, so the presented case is probably the first ever published.Pleomorfni adenom je veoma rijedak u sinonazalnoj regiji, pričem je najučestalija lokalizacija septum, zatim lateralna stijenka nosa. U prikazanom slučaju bolesnica u dobi od 72 godine se žalila na unilateralnu začepljenost nosa, bez drugih simptoma. Zapušenost nosa joj se javila godinu dana prije pregleda i progresivno se pogoršavala. Prednjom rinoskopijom joj je u nosu desno uočena izraslina prekrivena sluznicom, glatke površine, polipoidna, meke konzistencije, blijedo sivkasto-ružičaste boje, veličine oko 2x2 cm. Endoskopija nosa je utvrdila da je polazište izrasline široko i da se nalazi na lateralnoj stijenci nosa. Kompjutoriziranom tomografijom je utvrđena homogena, solidna, mekotkivna masa veličine 25x18x12 mm spojena na lateralnu stijenku nosa, odmah iza vestibula. a neposredno ispred donje nosne školjke. Načinjena je endonazalna endoskopska kompletna ekscizija tumora tijekom koje je došlo do djelomičnog istjecanja sadržaja tumora. Patohistološka dijagnoza je bila pleomorfni adenom malih žlijezda slinovnica. Bolesnica je redovito praćena i kontrolirana, nije bilo recidiva tumora u šestoj poslijeoperacijskoj godini. Intranazalni pleomorfni adenom s polazištem na lateralnoj stijenci nosa ispred donje nosne školjke je iznimno rijedak pa je prikazani slučaj vjerojatno prvi ikada publiciran

The expression of estrogen receptor beta in precancerous prostate lesions and adenocarcinoma

Adenokarcinom prostate (PCa) je najčešći karcinom u muškaraca. Intraepitelne prostatične neoplazme visokog gradusa (HGPIN) su lezije koje prethode nastanku invazivnog karcinoma i podrazumevaju kompletno odsustvo bazalnih ćelija i invaziju strome malignim acinusima. Estrogeni receptor β (ERβ) se nalazi u jedrima bazalnih i sekretornih ćelija acinusa i delimično u stromalnim ćelijama. Cilj istraživanja je da prikaže i lokalizuje ERβ u različitim morfološkim lezijama prostate: hiperplaziji (BHP), PINu i u PCa sa različitim Gleason scorom. Pretpostavlja se da prekancerozne lezije u svojim različitim fazama evolucije ne koreliraju u potpunosti sa ekspresijom ERβ. LGPIN pokazuje ekspresiju, dok u HGPINu nema ekspresije. Takođe je pretpostavka da ekspresija ERβ postoji u većine srednje diferentovanih PCa, te da se ekspresija posmatranog receptora gubi sa porastom Gleason scora. Ispitivano je pet grupa bolesnika:  kontrolna grupa sa BHP i četiri eksperimentalne grupe (PIN i 3 različite grupe PCa). Studija je sprovedena na muškarcima različite starosti u periodu 2010–2012. Nijedan pacijent nije prethodno primio hormonsku terapiju. Sekstant biopsije prostate su bojene na ERβ (Novocastra). Lokalizacija i intenzitet ERβ ekspresije prikazani su kroz skor: 0 = nula; 1 = 66%. Pozitivni fibroblasti i endotelne ćelije su korišćene za poređenje. Smanjena ekspresija ERβ primećena je kod malignih i premalignih lezija prostate naspram BHP. Ekspresija ERβ u epitelnim ćelijama acinusa bila je najslabija u dobro diferentovanim PCa. Kod BHP i dobro diferentovanih PCa bila je veća ekspresija ERβ u bazalnim ćelijama nego u sekretornim. Loše diferentovani PCa prikazali su smanjenje ekspresije ERβ u bazalnim ćelijama. Ukupna ćelijska ekspresija ERβ predstavlja složen i ponekad moguće paradoksalan nalaz, na osnovu čega primarni PCa zadržava ekspresiju ovog receptora, ali ipak značajno nižu u poređenju sa benignim epitelom i premalignim lezijama. Ovaj nalaz podupire stanovište o antiproliferativnoj ulozi ERβ u tkivu prostate.Adenocarcinoma of the prostate (PCa) is the most common cancer in men. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) are lesions that precede to invasive carcinomas and include complete absence of basal cells and stromal invasion by malignant acini. Estrogen receptor ß(ERß) is located in the nuclei of basal and secretory cells and partly in stromal ones.The aim of the research is to describe and localize ERß in different morphological lesions: prostate hyperplasia (BPH), PIN and PCa with different Gleason score. It is assumed that pre-cancerous lesions in different stages of their evolution not correlate completely with the expression ERß. LGPIN shows expression, while there is no expression in HGPIN. It is also an assumption that the expression ERß exists in most medium differentiated PCa, and that the expression of this receptor loses with increasing of Gleason score. Five groups of patient were investigated: control group with BPH and four experimental groups (PIN and 3 different groups of PCa). The study was conducted on men of different ages in the period 2010-2012. None of the patients received prior hormonal therapy. Sextant prostate biopsy were stained on ERß (Novocastra). ERß expression is shown through the score: 0 = zero; 1 = 66%. Positive fibroblasts and endothelial cells were used for comparison. Reduced expression was observed in malignant and premalignant lesions of the prostate versus BPH. ERß expression in the epithelial cells of acini was the weakest in well-differentiated PCa. In BPH and well differentiated PCa was greater expression in the basal cells than in secretory ones. Poorly differentiated PCa showed a decreased ERß expression in basal cells. Total cellular expression of ERß is a complex and sometimes paradoxical finding on the basis of which the primary PCa retains expression of this receptor, but significantly lower compared to benign epithelium and premalignant lesions. This finding supports the antiproliferative role of ERß in prostate tissue

The expression and localization of estrogen receptor beta in hyperplastic and neoplastic prostate lesions

Background/Aim. Benign acini in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are lined with pseudostratified cylindrical epithelium with a continuous basal cell layer. Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the most common cancer in men. High gradus-prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) lesions precede invasive cancer. Prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) implies a complete absence of basal cells and stromal invasion by malignant acini. Estrogen receptor (ER) is located in nuclei of acinar basal and secretory cells and partially in stromal cells. The aim of this research was to demonstrate and localize ER in BPH and in PCa of different Gleason scores. Considering literature data for ER-beta expression in different morphologic prostate lesions, it is assumed that there is expression of ER-beta in most moderately differentiated PCa, and that the observed receptor expression is lost with increasing of the Gleason score. Methods. Four groups of patients were formed: the control with BPH and three experimental groups with PCa of different grades and scores, according to the Gleason grading system. The patients were male of various ages suspected of PCa, based on clinical and laboratory parameters. The study was conducted in a period 2010-2012. None of the patients received prior hormonal therapy. Sextant byopsies with BPH and PCa were treated for ER-beta (Novocastra). Localization and intensity of ER-beta expression is reported through the score: 0 = zero; 1 = < 1%; 2 = 1-10%; 3 = 11-33%; 4 = 34-66%; 5 - > 66%. Positive fibroblasts and endothelial cells are used for comparison. Results. ER-beta expression in acinar epithelial cells was the weakest in welldifferentiated adenocarcinoma. A decline of ER-beta expression was noticed in malignant lesions of the prostate vs benign ones. Less differentiated adenocarcinomas showed a decrease of ER-beta expression in basal and in the secretory cells. ERbeta expression in basal cells was stronger than in secretory ones in BPH and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Conclusion. ER-beta expression was most pronounced in BHP samples and declined in malignant prostatic lesions. This finding supports statement on antiproliferative role of ERbeta in prostatic tissue