Detection of autologous serum skin test and skin prick test to HDM in 862 patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

<p>A. Comparison of percent of positive ASST in female patients and male patients. B. Comparison of urticaria activity scores (UAS) between patients with positive ASST and patients with negative ASST. C. Comparison of DLQI scores between patients with positive ASST and patients with negative ASST. D. Comparison of UAS between patients with positive SPT and patients with negative SPT. E. Comparison of DLQI scores between patients with positive SPT and patients with negative SPT. F. Comparison of percent of positive SPT reactions between patients with positive ASST and patients with negative ASST.</p

Upregulated IL-1 Receptor-associated Kinase 1 (IRAK1) in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: IRAK1 Inhibition Represses Th17 Differentiation with Therapeutic Potential

<p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a typical autoimmune disease. Genome-wide analyses have revealed that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) is associated with susceptibility to SLE. Our previous study investigated the role of IRAK1 in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-related pathways in a mouse model of lupus. In this study, we aimed to further explore the etiological role of IRAK1. The gene expression and phosphorylation of IRAK1 in CD4⁺ T cells from lupus patients and healthy controls were examined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The percentage of circulating Th17 cells and plasma IL-17A levels were evaluated by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The influence of IRAK1 suppression on Th17 development was assessed using an IRAK1 inhibitor and small interfering RNA. We found that IRAK1 transcript levels in CD4⁺ T cells were significantly upregulated in SLE patients in comparison to controls and were positively correlated with disease activity. <i>In vitro</i> experiments showed that lupus CD4⁺ T cells had more pronounced IRAK1 phosphorylation at threonine-209 upon IL-1β stimulation than did control cells. Moreover, IRAK1 expression was positively associated with Th17/IL-17A in patients. When naïve CD4⁺ T cells were polarized toward the Th17 subset, IRAK1 inhibition significantly repressed IL-17A production and the gene expression of Th17 markers, namely, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor c, IL-23 receptor and IL-17A. In summary, IRAK1 is overexpressed and hyperactivated in CD4⁺ T cells from SLE patients. IRAK1 inhibition attenuates Th17 differentiation in the context of human SLE, suggesting a therapeutic opportunity.</p

Result of ASST and SPT to HDM in 862 patients with CSU.

<p>Result of ASST and SPT to HDM in 862 patients with CSU.</p

Distribution of subtype of chronic spontaneous urticaria based on the result of ASST and SPT in present study.

<p>Distribution of subtype of chronic spontaneous urticaria based on the result of ASST and SPT in present study.</p

Comparison of UAS (A), DLQI (B), total required loratadine every month (C), percentages of associated angioedema (D), duration of disease (F), mean age (F), total IgE (G) and HDM-sIgE (H) among patients with ASST+SPT−, patients with ASST+SPT+, patients with ASST−SPT+ and patients with ASST−SPT−, respectively.

<p>*<i>P</i><0.05. **<i>P</i><0.01. ***<i>P</i><0.0001.</p

One-way analysis of variances of clinical and laboratory data among different subgroups based on the result of ASST and SPT.

<p>One-way analysis of variances of clinical and laboratory data among different subgroups based on the result of ASST and SPT.</p

Electrophilic Fluoroalkylation of Ni(II) <i>N</i>-Confused Porphyrins with Fluoroalkylarylsulfonium Salts

Experimental studies showed that Ni­(II) <i>N</i>-confused porphyrins, treated with fluoroalkylarylsulfonium salts, can undergo an electrophilic fluoroalkylation at the inner 21-C position, leading to 21-fluoroalkylated Ni­(II) <i>N</i>-confused porphyrins

Electrophilic Fluoroalkylation of Ni(II) <i>N</i>-Confused Porphyrins with Fluoroalkylarylsulfonium Salts

Experimental studies showed that Ni­(II) <i>N</i>-confused porphyrins, treated with fluoroalkylarylsulfonium salts, can undergo an electrophilic fluoroalkylation at the inner 21-C position, leading to 21-fluoroalkylated Ni­(II) <i>N</i>-confused porphyrins

DataSheet13.XLS

<p>Caprine parainfluenza virus type 3 (CPIV3) is a newly emerging pathogenic respiratory agent infecting both young and adult goats, and it was identified in eastern China in 2013. Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be important modulators of the intricate virus-host interactions. In order to elucidate the role of miRNAs in madin-darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells during CPIV3 infection. In this study, we performed high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze small RNA libraries in CPIV3-infected and mock-infected MDBK cells. The results showed that a total of 249 known and 152 novel candidate miRNAs were differentially expressed in MDBK cells after CPIV3 infection, and 22,981 and 22,572 target genes were predicted, respectively. In addition, RT-qPCR assay was used to further confirm the expression patterns of 13 of these differentially expressed miRNAs and their mRNA targets. Functional annotation analysis showed these up- and downregulated target genes were mainly involved in MAPK signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, focal adhesion, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and apoptosis, et al. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the comparative expression of miRNAs in MDBK cells after CPIV3 infection. Our finding provides information concerning miRNAs expression profile in response to CPIV3 infection, and offers clues for identifying potential candidates for antiviral therapies against CPIV3.</p

DataSheet5.XLS

<p>Caprine parainfluenza virus type 3 (CPIV3) is a newly emerging pathogenic respiratory agent infecting both young and adult goats, and it was identified in eastern China in 2013. Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be important modulators of the intricate virus-host interactions. In order to elucidate the role of miRNAs in madin-darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells during CPIV3 infection. In this study, we performed high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze small RNA libraries in CPIV3-infected and mock-infected MDBK cells. The results showed that a total of 249 known and 152 novel candidate miRNAs were differentially expressed in MDBK cells after CPIV3 infection, and 22,981 and 22,572 target genes were predicted, respectively. In addition, RT-qPCR assay was used to further confirm the expression patterns of 13 of these differentially expressed miRNAs and their mRNA targets. Functional annotation analysis showed these up- and downregulated target genes were mainly involved in MAPK signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, focal adhesion, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and apoptosis, et al. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the comparative expression of miRNAs in MDBK cells after CPIV3 infection. Our finding provides information concerning miRNAs expression profile in response to CPIV3 infection, and offers clues for identifying potential candidates for antiviral therapies against CPIV3.</p