Modeling of Vertical Greenery System As Passive Design Strategy for Mitigating Indoor Temperature

The rapid development in developing countries causes decreasing in the green area which leads to the environmental problem. Increasing heat transfer in the building envelope push more energy, especially for air conditioning. Although vertical greenery system is not a new concept, however, the building planners do not use it as one of an alternative design for energy saving yet. This paper will present a study on the office building with vertical greenery system as a building envelope in the tropical area, Indonesia. Data collection was done during summer time, in October 2013. There is two data analysis, based on the field measurement and Ecotect simulation. The result indicates that during data measurement at 05.00 a.m – 06.00 p.m. chamber with vertical greenery system has cooler surface temperatures and smaller in heat transfer. The peak temperatures of the exterior and interior facade with vertical greenery system are 29.13∘C and 25.41∘C, respectively. While for bare wall facade are 32.30∘C for exterior facade and 30.79∘C for the interior facade. The results from the study proved that applying vertical greenery system on the building facade can reduce the heat transfer from the exterior facade to the interior facade

The Genome of Deep-Sea Vent Chemolithoautotroph Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2

Presented here is the complete genome sequence of Thiomicrospira crunogena XCL-2, representative of ubiquitous chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. This gammaproteobacterium has a single chromosome (2,427,734 bp), and its genome illustrates many of the adaptations that have enabled it to thrive at vents globally. It has 14 methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein genes, including four that may assist in positioning it in the redoxcline. A relative abundance of CDSs encoding regulatory proteins likely control the expression of genes encoding carboxysomes, multiple dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate transporters, as well as a phosphonate operon, which provide this species with a variety of options for acquiring these substrates from the environment. T. crunogena XCL-2 is unusual among obligate sulfur oxidizing bacteria in relying on the Sox system for the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds. A 38 kb prophage is present, and a high level of prophage induction was observed, which may play a role in keeping competing populations of close relatives in check. The genome has characteristics consistent with an obligately chemolithoautotrophic lifestyle, including few transporters predicted to have organic allocrits, and Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle CDSs scattered throughout the genome

A new approach to characterization of the resistance of populations of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) to organophosphate and pyrethroid in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The monitoring of resistance of cattle tick populations in Brazil to the chemical bases in use is largely limited to investigation of the phenotypic profile. There are few studies investigating the role played by the genotypic profile in acaricide resistance in the country. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to carry out molecular characterization and trace out the genetic profile of populations of Rhipicephalus microplus with respect to resistance to the organophosphate and pyrethroid chemical groups. For that purpose, larvae were genotyped belonging to 587 populations for pyrethroids and 306 for organophosphates, using the polymerase chain reaction technique. It was found that 75.49% and 97.44% of the larvae studied showed resistance to the organophosphates and pyrethroids, respectively. Among the populations resistant to pyrethroids, 91.9% were heterozygotes, showing that most of the resistant populations have only one allele responsible for resistance. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the genotyped populations have high resistance to organophosphates, and even more so to pyrethroids. This information is fundamental for understanding the mechanisms of resistance of R. microplus to acaricides, to enable improvement of control techniques

Importance of Off-Cycle Species in the Acid-Catalyzed Aza-Piancatelli Rearrangement

The observed rate of reaction in the dysprosium triflate catalyzed aza-Piancatelli rearrangement is controlled by a key off-cycle binding between aniline and catalyst. Deconvoluting the role of these ancillary species greatly broadens our understanding of factors affecting the productive catalytic pathway. We demonstrate that the rate of reaction is controlled by initial competitive binding between the furylcarbinol and nitrogen nucleophile using either a Brønsted or Lewis acid catalyst and that the resulting rearrangement proceeds without involving the Brønsted and Lewis acid catalyst. This shows conclusively that the rate-controlling step and selectivity of reaction are decoupled