Investigation on factors affecting drug delivery using polymers and phospholipids.

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Study of Physicochemical Properties of Hydroquinone Nanofibers

Introduction:  Melasma is a common hypermelanotic disorder affecting the face that is associated with considerable psychological impacts that one of the treatment options is hydroquinone. The phenolic and hydroquinone derivatives and derivatives thereof, including the sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone and quinone, are widely used to inhibit bacteria, fungi and viruses, on the other Polymeric drug delivery system are able to improve therapeutic efficacy, reduce toxicity, and prolong drug release by adjusting the degradation rate of the polymer. So in this study we product and investigate of antifungal activity of Hydroquinone nanofibers. Methods and Results:  Films containing hydroquinone were produced from electrospining method. The physicochemical properties of prepared films were investigated by electronic microscopy and FTIR. Physical stability and degradation rate of nanofibers as well as the rate of hydroquinone release were also studied. In this study, the antifungal effects of hydroquinone were studied in laboratory conditions. The release test revealed that the release rate of hydroquinone nanofibers increased with increase in temperature. Hydroquinone prevents the growth of the fungal species of Candida albicans Conclusions:  Hydroquinone is widely used in the treatment of melasma, but no report has yet been made of the use of hydroquinone in the treatment of fungal diseases. Antifungal effects of hydroquinone on the Candida albicans species have been tested in laboratory conditions and its positive effect has been determined

Minoxidil and Dexamethasone Eluting Nanofiber Dressing for Cutaneous Wound Healing in Rat

Background: Minoxidil is an antihypertensive agent and vasodilator which may help to promote local blood flow thus hastening the closure of excisional skin wounds. Corticosteroids may down-regulate wound healing. This work aims to develop and characterize nanofiber-eluting dexamethasone and minoxidil and investigate their effect on wound healing in a rat model. Methods: Minoxidil and dexamethasone-loaded wound dressings were developed and characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In vitro, drug release studies were performed for 12 days. To model the wound-healing activity of the developed formulations, excisional wounds were created on the dorsal section of male rats. Results: All the electrospun wound dressing nanofibers displayed smooth structures and surfaces without drug crystals. Histological results of Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining indicate wound healing suppression in the dexamethasone-treated group and good healing activity in the minoxidil-treated group. Here we identified that the application of topical minoxidil can be effective for wound healing probably driven by the anagen hair growth while dexamethasone suppresses collagen production and prevents scar formation. Conclusion: The findings suggest that this minoxidil and dexamethasone wound dressing can potentially be developed as a new treatment modality in the clinic to accelerate wound healing while preventing scar formation

Surface tension in human pathophysiology and its application as a medical diagnostic tool

Introduction: Pathological features of disease appear to be quite different. Despite this diversity, the common feature of various disorders underlies physicochemical and biochemical factors such as surface tension. Human biological fluids comprise various proteins and phospholipids which are capable of adsorption at fluid interfaces and play a vital role in the physiological function of human organs. Surface tension of body fluids correlates directly to the development of pathological states. Methods: In this review, the variety of human diseases mediated by the surface tension changes of biological phenomena and the failure of biological fluids to remain in their native state are discussed. Results: Dynamic surface tension measurements of human biological fluids depend on various parameters such as sex, age and changes during pregnancy or certain disease. It is expected that studies of surface tension behavior of human biological fluids will provide additional information and might become useful in medical practice. Theoretical background on surface tension measurement and surface tension values of reference fluids obtained from healthy and sick patients are depicted. Conclusion: It is well accepted that no single biomarker will be effective in clinical diagnosis. The surface tension measurement combined with routine lab tests may be a novel non-invasive method which can not only facilitate the discovery of diagnostic models for various diseases and its severity, but also be a useful tool for monitoring treatment efficacy. We therefore expect that studies of surface tension behavior of human biological fluids will provide additional useful information in medical practice

Surface Tension Calculation of Mixed Solvents with Respect to Solvent Composition and Temperature by Using Jouyban-Acree Model

Article on the surface tension calculation of mixed solvents with respect to solvent composition and temperature by using Jouyban-Acree model

A global model to predict density of non-aqueous binary solvent mixtures at various temperatures

695-698The combined form of the Jouyban-Acree model and the calculated Abraham solute parameters has been used to predict the density of binary solvent mixtures at various temperatures. The proposed model has been trained using 290 binary solvent systems at different temperatures (278.15 to 353.15 K) and concentration ranges. The results are discussed in terms of mean relative deviations (MRDs) between computed and experimental densities as an accuracy criterion. The MRD of the proposed model is 1.2 ± 1.9 %, indicating that the proposed model, together with the calculated Abraham parameters, is accureate to reproduce the concentration and temperature dependence of density values of binary solvent mixtures

Fabrication and characterization of tretinoin-loaded nanofiber for topical skin delivery

Abstract Background Tretinoin or all-trans retinoic acid is used in the treatment of acne vulgaris and photo-aging. This work aims to develop tretinoin-loaded nanofibers as a potential anti-acne patch and to investigate its physicochemical characteristics. Method Nanofibers were produced via electrospinning method and surface topography was evaluated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The functional groups of polymer and the drug molecule and the possible interactions were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Drug release studies were carried out by total immersion method at 25 °C and 32 °C. Tretinoin stability was evaluated at room temperature and fridge for 45 days. The possibility of synergistic antibacterial activity of tretinoin and erythromycin combination was investigated on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 25923™) and (ATCC® 29213™) by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results Uniform fibers without drug crystals were fabricated via electrospinning. Drug-loaded nanofibers show inherent stability under various storage conditions. Electrospun nanofibers showed a prolonged release of tretinoin. The stability of formulations in FT was higher than RT. Disc diffusion tests did not show any synergism in the antibacterial activity of erythromycin when used in combination with tretinoin. Conclusion It can be anticipated that the easy fabrication, low costs and dosing frequency of the construct reported here provide a platform that can be adapted for on-demand delivery of tretinoin. Graphical abstrac

Novel Vitamin and Gold-Loaded Nanofiber Facial Mask for Topical Delivery

l-ascorbic acid has been widely used in cosmetic and dermatological products because of its ability to scavenge free radicals and destroy oxidizing agents. However, it is chemically unstable and can easily be oxidized. The current cosmetic facial masks available in the market are pre-moistened, which means that the aqueous fluid content of the mask may oxidize some of the unstable active ingredients such as ascorbic acid. This work presents an anti-wrinkle nanofiber face mask containing ascorbic acid, retinoic acid, gold nanoparticles, and collagen. This novel face mask will only be wetted when applied to the skin, thus enhancing product stability. Once moistened, the content of the mask will gradually dissolve and release the active ingredients and ensure maximum skin penetration. The high surface area-to-volume ratio of the nanofiber mask will ensure maximum contact with the skin surface and help to enhance the skin permeation to restore its healthy appearance. Electrospun fiber mats may provide an attractive alternative to the commercial facial cotton masks