Dark Matter and the Baryon Asymmetry

We present a mechanism to generate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe which preserves the net baryon number created in the Big Bang. If dark matter particles carry baryon number $B_X$, and $\sigma^{\rm annih}_{\bar{X}} < \sigma^{\rm annih}_{X}$, the $\bar{X}$'s freeze out at a higher temperature and have a larger relic density than $X$'s. If m_X \lsi 4.5 B_X GeV and the annihilation cross sections differ by $\mathcal{O}$(10%) or more, this type of scenario naturally explains the observed $\Omega_{DM} \approx 5 \Omega_b$. Two concrete examples are given, one of which can be excluded on observational grounds

Detecting Gluino-Containing Hadrons

When SUSY breaking produces only dimension-2 operators, gluino and photino masses are of order 1 GeV or less. The gluon-gluino bound state has mass 1.3-2.2 GeV and lifetime > 10^{-5} - 10^{-10} s. This range of mass and lifetime is largely unconstrained because missing energy and beam dump techniques are ineffective. With only small modifications, upcoming K^0 decay experiments can study most of the interesting range. The lightest gluino-containing baryon (uds-gluino) is long-lived or stable; experiments to find it and the uud-gluino are also discussed.Comment: 13 pp, 1 figure (uuencoded). Descendant of hep-ph/9504295, hep-ph/9508291, and hep-ph/9508292, focused on experimental search techniques. To be published in Phys Rev Let

Connection between a possible fifth force and the direct detection of Dark Matter

If there is a fifth force in the dark sector and dark sector particles interact non-gravitationally with ordinary matter, quantum corrections generically lead to a fifth force in the visible sector. We show how the strong experimental limits on fifth forces in the visible sector constrain the direct detection cross section, and the strength of the fifth force in the dark sector. If the latter is comparable to gravity, the spin-independent direct detection cross section must typically be <~ 10^{-55} cm^2. The anomalous acceleration of ordinary matter falling towards dark matter is also constrained: \eta_{OM-DM} <~ 10^{-8}.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. v3: contains a more detailed treatment of the spin-dependence of the effective interaction between dark matter and ordinary matte

Vibration effects on heat transfer in cryogenic systems Quarterly progress report no. 1, Jun. 1 - Aug. 31, 1966

Vibration effects on natural convection and fluid transport properties in cryogenic system

Mass distributions for nuclear disintegration from fission to evaporation

By a proper choice of the excitation energy per nucleon we analyze the mass distributions of the nuclear fragmentation at various excitation energies. Starting from low energies (between 0.1 and 1 MeV/nucleon) up to higher energies about 12 MeV/n, we classified the mass yield characteristics for heavy nuclei (A>200) on the basis of Statistical Multifragmentation Model. The evaluation of fragment distribution with the excitation energy show that the present results exhibit the same trend as the experimental ones.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Possible manifestation of heavy stable colored particles in cosmology and cosmic rays

We discuss the cosmological implications as well as possible observability of massive, stable, colored particles which often appear in the discussion of physics beyond the standard model. We argue that if their masses are more than a few hundred GeV and if they saturate the halo density and/or occur with closure density of the universe, they are ruled out by the present WIMP search experiments as well as the searches for anomalous heavy isotopes of ordinary nuclei. We then comment on the possibility that these particles as well as the monopoles could be responsible for the ultra high energy cosmic rays with energy $\geq 10^{20}$ eV and point out that their low inelasticity argues against this.Comment: 9 pages; UMD-PP-98-1

Experiments to Find or Exclude a Long-Lived, Light Gluino

Gluinos in the mass range ~1 1/2 - 3 1/2 GeV are absolutely excluded. Lighter gluinos are allowed, except for certain ranges of lifetime. Only small parts of the mass-lifetime parameter space are excluded for larger masses unless the lifetime is shorter than ~ 2 10^{-11} (m_{gluino}/ GeV) sec. Refined mass and lifetime estimates for R-hadrons are given, present direct and indirect experimental constraints are reviewed, and experiments to find or definitively exclude these possibilities are suggested.Comment: 27 pp, latex with 1 uufiled figure, RU-94-35. New version amplifies discussion of some points and corresponds to version for Phys. Rev.

Recalculation of Proton Compton Scattering in Perturbative QCD

At very high energy and wide angles, Compton scattering on the proton (gamma p -> gamma p) is described by perturbative QCD. The perturbative QCD calculation has been performed several times previously, at leading twist and at leading order in alpha_s, with mutually inconsistent results, even when the same light-cone distribution amplitudes have been employed. We have recalculated the helicity amplitudes for this process, using contour deformations to evaluate the singular integrals over the light-cone momentum fractions. We do not obtain complete agreement with any previous result. Our results are closest to those of the most recent previous computation, differing significantly for just one of the three independent helicity amplitudes, and only for backward scattering angles. We present results for the unpolarized cross section, and for three different polarization asymmetries. We compare the perturbative QCD predictions for these observables with those of the handbag and diquark models. In order to reduce uncertainties associated with alpha_s and the three-quark wave function normalization, we have normalized the Compton cross section using the proton elastic form factor. The theoretical predictions for this ratio are about an order of magnitude below existing experimental data.Comment: Latex, 23 pages, 13 figures. Checked numerical integration one more way; added results for one more proton distribution amplitude; a few other minor changes. Version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Statistical Matrix for Electroweak Baryogenesis

In electroweak baryogenesis, a domain wall between the spontaneously broken and unbroken phases acts as a separator of baryon (or lepton) number, generating a baryon asymmetry in the universe. If the wall is thin relative to plasma mean free paths, one computes baryon current into the broken phase by determining the quantum mechanical transmission of plasma components in the potential of the spatially changing Higgs VEV. We show that baryon current can also be obtained using a statistical density operator. This new formulation of the problem provides a consistent framework for studying the influence of quasiparticle lifetimes on baryon current. We show that when the plasma has no self-interactions, familiar results are reproduced. When plasma self-interactions are included, the baryon current into the broken phase is related to an imaginary time temperature Green's function.Comment: 20 pages, no figures, Late