2,048 research outputs found
Analytical description of the time-over-threshold method based on the time properties of plastic scintillators equipped with silicon photomultipliers
A new high-granular compact time-of-flight neutron detector for the
identification and energy measurement of neutrons produced in nucleus-nucleus
interactions at the BM@N experiment, Dubna, Russia, at energies up to 4 AGeV is
under development. The detector consists of approximately 2000 fast plastic
scintillators, each with dimensions of 404025 mm, equiped
with SiPM (Silicon Photomultiplier) with an active area of 66 mm.
The signal readout from these scintillators will employ a single-threshold
multichannel Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) to measure their response time and
amplitude using the time-over-threshold (ToT) method. This article focuses on
the analytical description of the signals from the plastic scintillator
detectors equipped with silicon photomultipliers. This description is crucial
for establishing the ToT-amplitude relationship and implementing slewing
correction techniques to improve the time resolution of the detector. The
methodology presented in this paper demonstrates that a time resolution at the
70 ps level can be achieved for the fast plastic scintillator coupled with
silicon photomultiplier with epitaxial quenching resistors
The Construction and Parameters of Forward Hadron Calorimeter (FHCAL) at MPD/NICA
Forward hadron calorimeter (FHCAL) at MPD/NICA experimental setup is intended for the measurements of the geometry of heavy ions collisions, namely, the collision centrality and the orientation of the reaction plane. FHCAL consists of two identical arms placed at the left/right sides from the beam collision point. This is a modular lead- scintillator compensating calorimeter designed to measure the energy distribution of the projectile nuclei fragments (spectators) and forward going particles close to the beam rapidity
The PSD CBM Supermodule Response Study for Hadrons in Momentum Range 2 – 6 GeV/c at CERN Test Beams
The Projectile Spectator Detector (PSD) will be used at the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR to measure the centrality and orientation of the reaction plane in heavy-ion collisions. A study of PSD supermodule response at proton and pion momentum range 2 – 6 GeV has been done at the CERN T10 beam line. The PSD supermodule is 3x3 array of 9 modules. Each module has transverse dimensions of 20x20 cm2 and longitudinal dimension of 5.6 interaction lengths. The modules have sandwich structure of 60 lead/scintillator layers with the sampling ratio 4:1. Light from each scintillator plate is collected by a WLS fiber. Scintillator light from 6 consecutive scintillator plates (one longitudinal section) is detected by a 3x3 mm2 Hamamatsu MPPC placed at the end of the module. In total, 10 MPPCs are used to detect light from 10 longitudinal sections in each module. Preliminary results on the longitudinal profile of energy deposition, linearity of the response and energy resolution of the supermodule are discussed
Diphtheria rare localization in adults
Last 25 years in the country established sporadic diphtheria morbidity (less than 0.1 per 100 000 people). In this situation, the attention of medical specialists pre-hospital and hospital health care system is reduced, especially for diseases with a rare localization of pathological process. Mentioned circumstances contribute to delayed diagnosis and treatment of his patients, the major cause of complicated infection, often its unfavorable outcome and a factor of the epidemic of trouble for the infection. The authors present material evidence that the rare forms of diphtheria in the period of sporadic disease in much the same as in the epidemic, and describe the clinical manifestations and course of diphtheria of the nose, eyes, throat, genitals, mouth and gastrointestinal tract in modern conditions
Development of High Granular Neutron Time-of-Flight Detector for the BM@N experiment
The HGND (High Granular Neutron Detector) is developed for the BM@N (Baryonic
Matter at Nuclotron) experiment on the extracted beam of the Nuclotron at JINR,
Dubna. The HGND will be used to measure the azimuthal flow of neutrons produced
with energies ranging from 300 to 4000 MeV in heavy-ion collisions at beam
energies of 2--4 AGeV. The azimuthal flow of charged particles will be measured
using the BM@N magnet spectrometer. The data on the azimuthal flow of neutrons
will shed light on the study of the high-density Equation of State (EoS) of
isospin-symmetric nuclear matter, which is crucial for studying astrophysical
phenomena such as neutron stars and their mergers. The HGND has a highly
granular structure with approximately 2000 plastic scintillation detectors
(cells), each measuring 442.5 cm. These detectors are
arranged in 16 layers, with 121 detectors in each layer, and are subdivided by
copper absorber plates with a thickness of 3 cm. The light from each cell is
detected with SiPM (Silicon Photomultiplier) with an active area of 66
mm. Developed multi-channel TDC board based on the Kintex FPGA chip with a
bin width of 100 ps will be used to perform precise timestamp and amplitude
measurement using Time-over-Threshold (ToT) method. Good spatial resolution due
to the high granularity together with a cell's time resolution of 100-150 ps
ensures neutron reconstruction with good energy resolution. The design of the
detector as well as the results from test measurements and simulations have
been presented
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of acute intestinal diarrheal infections
Group carried out epidemiological investigation of the incidence of acute intestinal infections of unknown etiology. Analysis of long-term dynamics of the incidence of acute enteric infections, the population of the city of Rybinsk in 2002 – 2006 he was shown on the epidemiological significance of these infections on the analyzed area. Specific factors of transmission of enteric pathogens on the basis of analysis of existing materials have not been established, but the analysis of risk factors can be said about the dominance of food factor in the transmission of the epidemic process of acute intestinal infections. In order to identify the etiology of acute intestinal infections should be more widely applied in practice techniques for the detection of viral agents in epidemiological investigations
ПИТАНИЕ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ БОЛЬНЫХ
The paper summarizes the published data on clinical nutrition, including infectious diseases. The variant of diets on Pevzner into line with the standard diet used in the treatment of infectious patients. A brief description of artificial nutritional therapy in the treatment of patients with various infectious diseases. Particular importance is given to scientific substantiation of nutritional therapy in the treatment, rehabilitation of infectious patients. The correct choice of clinical nutrition contributes to the normalization of the lost functions and the speedy restoration of the human body after infection.В статье обобщены литературные данные по лечебному питанию, в том числе инфекционных больных. Приведены варианты диет по Певзнеру в соответствии с вариантами стандартных диет, применяемых при лечении инфекционных больных. Дана краткая характеристика искусственного лечебного питания в терапии пациентов с различными инфекционными заболеваниями. Особое значение уделяется научному обоснованию лечебного питания в комплексной терапии, реабилитации инфекционных больных. Правильный выбор лечебного питания способствует нормализации утраченных функций и скорейшему восстановлению организма человека после инфекционного заболевания
ДИФТЕРИЯ РЕДКИХ ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИЙ У ВЗРОСЛЫХ
Last 25 years in the country established sporadic diphtheria morbidity (less than 0.1 per 100 000 people). In this situation, the attention of medical specialists pre-hospital and hospital health care system is reduced, especially for diseases with a rare localization of pathological process. Mentioned circumstances contribute to delayed diagnosis and treatment of his patients, the major cause of complicated infection, often its unfavorable outcome and a factor of the epidemic of trouble for the infection. The authors present material evidence that the rare forms of diphtheria in the period of sporadic disease in much the same as in the epidemic, and describe the clinical manifestations and course of diphtheria of the nose, eyes, throat, genitals, mouth and gastrointestinal tract in modern conditions.Последние 25 лет в стране установился спорадический характер заболеваемости населения дифтерией (менее 0,1 на 100 000 человек). В этой ситуации внимание медицинских специалистов догоспитального и госпитального звеньев здравоохранения снижается, особенно к заболеванию с редкими локализациями патологического процесса. Упомянутые обстоятельства способствуют несвоевременной его диагностике и лечению больных, являющихся основной причиной осложненного течения инфекционного процесса, часто неблагоприятного его исхода, а также фактором эпидемического неблагополучия по данной инфекции. Авторы приводят материалы, свидетельствующие, что редкие формы дифтерии в период спорадической заболеваемости практически такие же, как и при эпидемической, а также описывают клинические проявления и течение дифтерии носа, глаз, гортани, половых органов, полости рта и желудочно-кишечного тракта в современных условиях
ПЕРИОД ВЫЗДОРОВЛЕНИЯ И ИСХОДЫ ДИФТЕРИИ У ВЗРОСЛЫХ (клинико-статистическое исследование)
In 1824 a man sick with diphtheria during an epidemic of this infection in the mid nineties of the last century complications registered at an average of 16,17%. When combined diphtheria complications were observed in 58,78%, with only the defeat of the pharynx – in 12,78%. Multiple organ lesions in diphtheria are protected from one year to seven years. We observed patients mortality was on average 2,24%. The lowest mortality was in diphtheria throat – 0,66%, with a combined form of the disease – 22,14%. It is advisable to revise the terms of active surveillance recover this infection. The leading cause of death in diphtheria was infection-toxic shock syndrome is often associated with infection – toxic myocarditis.У 1824 человек, больных дифтерией, во время эпидемии этой инфекции в середине девяностых годов прошлого века осложнения зарегистрированы в среднем у 16,17 %. При комбинированной дифтерии осложнения наблюдались в 58,78%, при поражении только зева – в 12,78%. Полиорганные поражения при дифтерии сохраняются от одного года до семи лет. У наблюдавшихся больных летальность составила в среднем 2,24%. Самой низкой летальность была при дифтерии зева – 0,66%, при комбинированной форме болезни – 22,14%. Целесообразно пересмотреть сроки активного наблюдения за переболевшими этой инфекцией. Ведущей причиной летального исхода при дифтерии явился инфекционно- токсический шок, часто сочетавшийся с инфекционно-токсическим миокардитом
Multiplicity dependence of jet-like two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV
Two-particle angular correlations between unidentified charged trigger and
associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a
nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The transverse-momentum
range 0.7 5.0 GeV/ is examined,
to include correlations induced by jets originating from low
momen\-tum-transfer scatterings (minijets). The correlations expressed as
associated yield per trigger particle are obtained in the pseudorapidity range
. The near-side long-range pseudorapidity correlations observed in
high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions are subtracted from both near-side
short-range and away-side correlations in order to remove the non-jet-like
components. The yields in the jet-like peaks are found to be invariant with
event multiplicity with the exception of events with low multiplicity. This
invariance is consistent with the particles being produced via the incoherent
fragmentation of multiple parton--parton scatterings, while the yield related
to the previously observed ridge structures is not jet-related. The number of
uncorrelated sources of particle production is found to increase linearly with
multiplicity, suggesting no saturation of the number of multi-parton
interactions even in the highest multiplicity p-Pb collisions. Further, the
number scales in the intermediate multiplicity region with the number of binary
nucleon-nucleon collisions estimated with a Glauber Monte-Carlo simulation.Comment: 23 pages, 6 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 17,
published version, figures at
http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/161
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