Scrooge\u27s Humbug Dissected

To Richard Armour (d. 1989), humorist par excellence Scrooge thinks to himself as a man singularly lacking in what we readers see as sensitivity and compassio

As You Like The Quem Quaeritis Trope

The title of Shakespeare\u27s first major comedy, As you Like it, lends itself to word puzzlements, even though it is doubtfully that the author meant by this that everyone should take the title or the play itself simply as he or she sees it. The Epilogue reminds us of that, even as Rosalind urged the audience to like as much of this play as please you (12-13) {1}, so the dramatist himself meant that he was writing as he hoped people would like it

Shakespearean Title-Play

The meaning of Shakespeare\u27s titles are still prime fodder for the scholarly gristmill, and the extent to which they may facetiously involve conscious or unconscious paronomasia is a matter of specialized concern. I know of at least four instances in which wordplay can be inferred, and invite readers to supply others

Did Xanadu Derive From Xamdu or Xaindu?

Samuel Taylor Coleridge\u27s nonce-spelling XANNADU appears in the Crewe manuscript for Kubla Khan, or a Fragment in a Dream (T.C. Skeat, British Museum Quarterly 26 (1963), pp 77-83. Corrected or respelled XANADU in the printed version in 1816, this deserves a bit more etymological, linguistic consideration. The initial question is this: did it derive from Purchase His Pilgrimage alone, Coleridge having admitted the influence of this 1613-14 travel book, or from Purchase in combination with Milton\u27s Paradise Lost, as J.B. Beer has claimed in Coleridge the Visionary (London 1959) I, 216? If the latter, was the word in Purchase XAMDU as Beer proposes, or rather XAINDU as in the first and second editions of the Pilgrimage, the leading source

Shakespeare and Psalm 46, Once More

In the 1961 Dover reprint of C. C. Bombaugh\u27s Oddities and Curiosities of Words and Literature, Martin Gardner comments in his Notes (pages 263)

The Secret\u27st Man of Blood : Foreshadowings of Macbeth in Arden of Feversham

Probably the greatest news for the scholarly world would be the discovery of Shakespeare\u27s manuscripts. With little chance of that, we can at least feel rewarded with new knowledge about his artistry. One of the most tantalizing problems in recent years has involved the apocryphal plays. It is generally agreed that the best of the lot is the domestic tragedy Arden of Feversham. (I retain the original old spelling, F-e-v-e-r rather than F-a-v-e-r, on the grounds that the literary spelling is of greater substantive worth than the more common spelling of the town. Also there is wordplay on a great fever and feare in scene x [11.54-56] that might otherwise be lost.) Now, the new edition of the play for the Revels series by M.L. Wine strongly endorses the view that .Shakespeare was the author, a revelation that made front-page news in The Shakespeare Newsletter a few years ago. Although the scholarly debate on the authorship question can hardly be scotched, Wine\u27s thorough analysis deserves a hearing in the light of some new evidence and other scholarly opinions. I doubt that it provides a definitive answer yet. In this paper I shall emphasize only one aspect of the complicated authorship question, namely the often-acclaimed connection between Arden and Macbeth. Are there indeed foreshadowings of Macbeth in Arden? If so, do they suggest that Shakespeare had at least a hand in the earlier play? Or do they imply only that he may have acted in it? (In correspondence with me, Kenneth Muir opts for the latter view.

Particle contact laws and their properties for simulation of fluid-sediment interaction with coupled SPH-DEM model

The transport of sediment due to the interaction of fluid and solids is a prevalent geophysical process. The detailed modelling of the interaction between the fluid and the sediment particles is still a challenging task. In the present study we model the fluid phase by smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) using the classical approach where the fluid is assumed to be weakly compressible. The sediment, in terms of solid spheres made of granite, is modelled by the discrete element method (DEM). Both of them are meshfree particle methods but SPH is a continuum approach and DEM describes the motion and interaction of discrete solid objects. The interaction between SPH and DEM particles is modelled as particle-to-particle contact in combination with a boundary condition at the solid interface. Therefore, a contact law is used to capture the collision process and to ensure balancing of collision forces. In doing so, two contact types have to be modelled, i.e. sediment-sediment and fluid-sediment. The approach and properties these contact types are presented in detail. Advantages and drawbacks of the approaches are discussed based on examples

KAUFMANN PURCELL, Susan & Françoise SIMON(dir.). Europe and Latin America in the World Economy. Boulder, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995, 215 p.

INTRODUCTION: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed from cells and carry markers of the parent cells. Vesicles derived from cancer cells reach the bloodstream and locally influence important physiological processes. It has been previously shown that procoagulant vesicles are circulating in patients’ fluids. These EVs are therefore considered as promising biomarkers for the thrombotic risk. Because of their small size, classical methods such as flow cytometry suffer from limitation for their characterisation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been proposed as a promising complementary method for the characterisation of EVs. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are: (a) to develop and validate AFM with specific antibodies (anti-TF) and (b) to compare air and liquid modes for EVs’ size and number determination as potential biomarkers of the prothrombotic risk. METHODS: AFM multimode nanoscope III was used for air tapping mode (TM). AFM catalyst was used for liquid Peak Force Tapping (PFT) mode. Vesicles are generated according to Davila et al.'s protocol. Substrates are coated with various concentrations of antibodies, thanks to ethanolamine and glutaraldehyde. RESULTS: Vesicles were immobilised on antibody-coated surfaces to select tissue factor (TF)-positive vesicles. The size range of vesicles observed in liquid PFT mode is 6–10 times higher than in air mode. This corresponds to the data found in the literature. CONCLUSION: We recommend liquid PFT mode to analyse vesicles on 5 µg/ml antibody-coated substrates

The Victorian Newsletter (Spring 1965)

The Victorian Newsletter is edited for the English X Group of the Modern Language Association by William E. Buckler, New York University, New York, N.Y. 10003.Methods in the Study of Victorian Style / Richard Ohmann -- The Prose of the Apologia Pro Vita Sua / George Levine -- Scott and Dickens: Realist and Romantic / Edgar Johnson -- A Note on Hegel and George Eliot / Darrel Mansell, Jr. -- Dialectical Structures in Hardy's Poems / D. E. Mayers -- William Johnson Fox and Mill's Essays on Poetry / F. Parvin Sharpless -- Parents and Children in Great Expectations / Vereen M. Bell -- The Name Jude / Robert F . Fleissner -- A Note on Browning's "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came" / Victor Hoar -- Religion, Art, and the Poet / Arthur F. Beringause -- Henry James to Stopford Brooke: An Unpublished Letter / Fred L. Standley -- Carlyle, Jeffrey, and the "Helotage" Chapter of Sartor Resartus / Alvan S. Ryan -- English X New

The Yeast Cell Fusion Protein Prm1p Requires Covalent Dimerization to Promote Membrane Fusion

Prm1p is a multipass membrane protein that promotes plasma membrane fusion during yeast mating. The mechanism by which Prm1p and other putative regulators of developmentally controlled cell-cell fusion events facilitate membrane fusion has remained largely elusive. Here, we report that Prm1p forms covalently linked homodimers. Covalent Prm1p dimer formation occurs via intermolecular disulfide bonds of two cysteines, Cys-120 and Cys-545. PRM1 mutants in which these cysteines have been substituted are fusion defective. These PRM1 mutants are normally expressed, retain homotypic interaction and can traffic to the fusion zone. Because prm1-C120S and prm1-C545S mutants can form covalent dimers when coexpressed with wild-type PRM1, an intermolecular C120-C545 disulfide linkage is inferred. Cys-120 is adjacent to a highly conserved hydrophobic domain. Mutation of a charged residue within this hydrophobic domain abrogates formation of covalent dimers, trafficking to the fusion zone, and fusion-promoting activity. The importance of intermolecular disulfide bonding informs models regarding the mechanism of Prm1-mediated cell-cell fusion