Tools For Refining the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation

This paper discusses the development of tools for galactic photometry using wise, and for reduction and analysis of 21cm galaxy spectra. These Python-based tools can then be applied to selected data in order to refine the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation. This relation, between baryonic mass and rotational velocity of a galaxy, proves useful for extragalactic research, particularly in calculating redshift-independent distances. While these tools could be further improved, they provide a robust process for calculation of particular galaxy characteristics

Measurement of the jet mass and angularities in Pb-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV with ALICE

Jet substructure observables provide powerful tools to search for new physics and test theoretical descriptions of perturbative and non-perturbative processes in QCD. In heavy-ion collisions, jet substructure observables are used to elucidate the structure and dynamics of the quark-gluon plasma. Jet mass is one such observable, which probes the virtuality of hard-scattered partons and their modified fragmentation. Additionally, generalized jet angularities provide a powerful tool for differential measurements of the jet shower and its modification, as two parameters vary the weight of the jet constituents' relative angle and $p_\mathrm{T}$. Previous measurements of the jet mass and jet angularities have shown conflicting differences in comparison with models. To clarify these results, we present new measurements of the jet mass and jet angularities using an identical jet sample. The high-precision tracking system of ALICE enables these measurements over a broad range in $p_\mathrm{T}$, with low-$p_\mathrm{T}$ reach that is unique at the LHC. We report the generalized jet mass and jet angularities using charged-particle tracks in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5.02$ TeV. Various jet angularity parameters are investigated for the jet resolution parameter $R = 0.2$. Results are compared to pp collisions and theoretical models.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Contribution to the 11th International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions (Hard Probes 2023), 26-31 March 2023, Aschaffenburg, German

New Approach to Overcoming the Insurmountable Watershed Rule Exception to Teague\u27s Collateral Review Killer, A

This Article will propose a new approach to overcoming the seemingly insurmountable watershed rule exception. While a single case - such as Crawford or Blakely - may not rise to watershed status, this Article will suggest that a line of cases could be considered watershed. 8 It will be shown that the highly subjective nature of this exception lends itself perfectly to this type of reasoning, and that adoption of this approach would help reconcile some inherent conflicts encountered by the Court whenever Teague retroactivity comes before it. Part II of this Article will provide the necessary legal framework, by tracing habeas corpus and the issue of retroactivity from the writ\u27s origins through Teague and its aftermath. Part III will then propose the above mentioned line of cases approach and consider its potential in light of the Court\u27s recent holdings in Whorton v. Bockting and Burton v. Stewart. Finally, Part IV will conclude the Article

New Approach to Overcoming the Insurmountable Watershed Rule Exception to Teague\u27s Collateral Review Killer, A

This Article will propose a new approach to overcoming the seemingly insurmountable watershed rule exception. While a single case - such as Crawford or Blakely - may not rise to watershed status, this Article will suggest that a line of cases could be considered watershed. 8 It will be shown that the highly subjective nature of this exception lends itself perfectly to this type of reasoning, and that adoption of this approach would help reconcile some inherent conflicts encountered by the Court whenever Teague retroactivity comes before it. Part II of this Article will provide the necessary legal framework, by tracing habeas corpus and the issue of retroactivity from the writ\u27s origins through Teague and its aftermath. Part III will then propose the above mentioned line of cases approach and consider its potential in light of the Court\u27s recent holdings in Whorton v. Bockting and Burton v. Stewart. Finally, Part IV will conclude the Article

Shielding the Enemy of the People : Protecting the Reporter\u27s Privilege in the Age of Social Media

President Donald Trump and his surrogates regularly belittle media outlets that publish articles critical of the administration. Arguably, no newsgathering practice has undergone more scrutiny from the Trump Administration than the use of unnamed sources. During this time, journalists must understand the extent to which the law will protect their reporting and their valuable anonymous sources. Almost forty years ago, the United States Supreme Court held in Branzburg v. Hayes, in 1972 that a general federal reporter’s privilege does not exist. Robust reporter shield laws exist in individual states, but these privileges largely lag behind the digital media revolution. When a large percentage of Americans digest news through social media resources like Facebook and Twitter, how can they distinguish between a journalist worthy of protection and an ordinary Facebook friend or Twitter follower? This Note tracks the history of anonymous reporting, discusses the development of the reporter’s privilege, and considers how to ensure protections for modern journalists. This Note argues that to best protect digital journalists and social media users, Congress should enact a federal reporter’s shield that protects journalistic acts, explicitly includes digital media, and requires an intent to disseminate information to the public

A Game Theoretic Approach to Analyse Cooperation between Rural Households in Northern Nigeria

To improve the livelihood of the poor in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) much attention has been paid to the development of new agricultural technologies. We hypothesize that farmers can also improve their livelihood through cooperation. Partial cooperation, in which knowledge is shared or bargaining power improved, is relatively common in SSA, while cooperation where all resources are fully shared, which we address, has rarely been investigated. An important pre-requisite to establish such cooperation, is the need for a fair division rule for the gains of the cooperation. This paper combines linear programming and cooperative game theory to model the effects of cooperation of (individual) households on income and farm plans. Linear programming establishes insight in the optimal farm plans in cooperation, and cooperative game theory is used to generate fair division rules. The model is applied to a village in Northern Nigeria. Households are clustered based on socio-economic parameters, and we explore cooperation between clusters. Cooperation leads to increased income and results in changes in farm plans, because more efficient use of resources leads to more intensified agriculture (labour intensive – high value crops).Cooperations, Linear Programming, Nigeria, Livelihood, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, International Relations/Trade, Marketing, Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Barriers to the Ballot Box: Implicit Bias and Voting Rights in the 21st Century

While much has been written regarding unconscious or “implicit bias” in other areas of law, there is a scarcity of scholarship examining how implicit bias impacts voting rights and how advocates can move courts to recognize evidence of implicit bias within the context of a voting rights claim. This Article aims to address that scarcity. After reviewing research on implicit bias, this Article examines how implicit bias might impact different stages of the electoral process. It then argues that “results test” claims under Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) present an opportunity for plaintiffs to introduce evidence regarding implicit bias in the electoral process. In addition, this Article explores policy solutions to reduce the impact of implicit bias in elections

Barriers to the Ballot Box: Implicit Bias and Voting Rights in the 21st Century

While much has been written regarding unconscious or “implicit bias” in other areas of law, there is a scarcity of scholarship examining how implicit bias impacts voting rights and how advocates can move courts to recognize evidence of implicit bias within the context of a voting rights claim. This Article aims to address that scarcity. After reviewing research on implicit bias, this Article examines how implicit bias might impact different stages of the electoral process. It then argues that “results test” claims under Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) present an opportunity for plaintiffs to introduce evidence regarding implicit bias in the electoral process. In addition, this Article explores policy solutions to reduce the impact of implicit bias in elections