Cross-Sector Review of Drivers and Available 3Rs Approaches for Acute Systemic Toxicity Testing

Acute systemic toxicity studies are carried out in many sectors in which synthetic chemicals are manufactured or used and are among the most criticized of all toxicology tests on both scientific and ethical grounds. A review of the drivers for acute toxicity testing within the pharmaceutical industry led to a paradigm shift whereby in vivo acute toxicity data are no longer routinely required in advance of human clinical trials. Based on this experience, the following review was undertaken to identify (1) regulatory and scientific drivers for acute toxicity testing in other industrial sectors, (2) activities aimed at replacing, reducing, or refining the use of animals, and (3) recommendations for future work in this area

E-MRS 1994 Spring meeting Abstracts, Strasbourg, May 24-27, 1994

SIGLEAvailable at INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : Y 30456 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Silicon-on-insulator Technology for High-temperature Metal-oxide-semiconductor Devices and Circuits

The high temperature characteristics of devices and circuits realized in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates are compared with other materials, and it is demonstrated that CMOS on SOI is presently the most suitable process for the realization of electronic circuits operating at up to more than 300 degrees C

Microelectronics Education in Belgium

This paper reviews the educational programs available in Belgium's universities in the field of microelectronics materials and processing. The current research activities of the different research laboratories are also described