Physical, chemical, technological and sensory characteristics of Frankfurter type sausage containing okara flour

The addition of okara flour to an emulsified meat product (Frankfurter type sausage) was evaluated based on the physical, chemical, technological, and sensory characteristics of the final product. Okara, residue from soymilk production, was provided by two soymilk producing companies whose production systems were based on the hot disintegration of the decorticated (company B) or undecorticated (company A) soybeans. The okara was dehydrated using a flash dryer and then ground into flour (>420 µm). However, The okara flours A and B showed approximately the same amount of protein (35 and 40 g.100 g-1 dwb). However, the okara flour A presented higher values (p < 0.05) for all technological functional properties studied (emulsification capacity, emulsion stability, protein solubility, and water hold capacity) than those of okara flour B. The A and B okara flours were used in a frankfurter sausage formulation as substitution of 1.5% and 4% of meat. The results showed that the sausages containing okara flours A and B, as well as the control sausage, were accepted by the sensory panel. Moreover, there were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in the physical (color, objective texture, and emulsion stability) and chemical (pH and proximate composition) measurements of the sausages with and without the okara flour

Physical, chemical, technological and sensory characteristics of Frankfurter type sausage containing okara flour Características químicas, físicas, tecnológicas e sensoriais de salsicha tipo Frankfurter enriquecida com farinha de okara

The addition of okara flour to an emulsified meat product (Frankfurter type sausage) was evaluated based on the physical, chemical, technological, and sensory characteristics of the final product. Okara, residue from soymilk production, was provided by two soymilk producing companies whose production systems were based on the hot disintegration of the decorticated (company B) or undecorticated (company A) soybeans. The okara was dehydrated using a flash dryer and then ground into flour (>420 µm). However, The okara flours A and B showed approximately the same amount of protein (35 and 40 g.100 g-1 dwb). However, the okara flour A presented higher values (p < 0.05) for all technological functional properties studied (emulsification capacity, emulsion stability, protein solubility, and water hold capacity) than those of okara flour B. The A and B okara flours were used in a frankfurter sausage formulation as substitution of 1.5% and 4% of meat. The results showed that the sausages containing okara flours A and B, as well as the control sausage, were accepted by the sensory panel. Moreover, there were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in the physical (color, objective texture, and emulsion stability) and chemical (pH and proximate composition) measurements of the sausages with and without the okara flour.<br>Avaliou-se a adição de farinha de okara em produto cárneo emulsionado (salsicha tipo Frankfurter) com base nas características físicas, químicas e sensoriais do produto obtido. O okara, resíduo do processamento de 'leite' de soja, foi fornecido por duas empresas cujos sistemas de produção baseiam-se na desintegração a quente da soja com casca (empresa A) e sem casca (empresa B). O okara foi desidratado em secador flash dryer e moído na forma de farinha (>420 µm). As farinhas de okara A e B apresentaram níveis aproximados de proteína (35 e 40 g.100 g-1 b.s., respectivamente). Entretanto, a farinha de okara A apresentou maiores valores (p < 0,05) para todas as propriedades funcionais tecnológicas estudadas (capacidade de emulsificação, estabilidade da emulsão, solubilidade da proteína e capacidade de retenção de água), em comparação com a farinha de okara B. As farinhas de okara A e B foram adicionadas à formulação de salsicha substituindo 1,5% e 4% do peso de carne, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que as salsichas contendo farinhas de okara A e B e a salsicha padrão foram igualmente aceitas pela equipe de provadores. Além disso, não houve diferenças signficativas (p < 0,05) entre as determinações físicas (cor, textura objetiva e estabilidade da emulsão) e químicas (pH e composição centesimal) das salsichas com ou sem farinha de okara

Evaluation of the quality of a molded sweet biscuit enriched with okara flour Avaliação da qualidade do biscoito moldado doce enriquecido com farinha de okara

The objective of this research was to test the addition of soymilk residue, also known as okara, to a molded sweet biscuit (MSB). The okara was provided by two soymilk producing companies whose production systems are based on hot disintegration of decorticated (company B) or non-decorticated (company A) soybeans and separation of the soymilk. Okaras A and B were dehydrated in a flash dryer and then ground to a flour (< 200 mesh). The okara flours showed high protein (35 g.100 g-1 dwb), lipid (17 g.100 g-1 dwb), and fiber (17 to 21 g.100 g-1 dwb) contents. The water holding capacity, protein solubility, emulsifying capacity, emulsion stability and isoflavone contents found in flour A were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in flour B. The formulation of MSB, replacing 30% (w/w) of the wheat flour with okara flour was tested. The results of the physical measurements, brittleness and water activity of the MSB with flours A and B did not differ significantly (p < 0.05) from those of the standard. The color, flavor and overall quality of the MSB with 30% of okara flour B did not differ significantly from those of the standard biscuit, demonstrating its potential for application in confectionery products.<br>O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a adição do resíduo do leite de soja, também conhecido como okara, ao biscoito moldado doce (BMD). O okara foi fornecido por duas empresas produtoras de leite de soja, cujos sistemas de produção baseiam-se na desintegração a quente da soja com casca (empresa A) ou sem casca (empresa B) e separação do leite de soja. Os okaras A e B foram desidratados em secador flash dryer e moídos na forma de farinha (< 200 mesh). As farinhas de okara apresentaram altos teores de proteínas (35 g.100 g-1 b.s.), lipídios (17 g.100 g-1 b.s.) e fibras (17 a 21 g.100 g-1 b.s.). A farinha A apresentou resultados de capacidade de retenção de água, solubilidade da proteína (SP), capacidade de emulsificação (CE), estabilidade de emulsão (EE) e teor de isoflavonas, significativamente maiores (p < 0,05) que os determinados na farinha B. As formulações do BMD, substituindo 30% (p/p) do peso da farinha de trigo, foram testadas. Os resultados das análises físicas, fraturabilidade e atividade de água do BMD com farinhas A e B não diferiram significativamente (p < 0,05) em relação ao padrão. A cor, o sabor e a qualidade global do MSB com 30% de farinha B não diferiram significativamente (p < 0,05) em comparação ao padrão, demonstrando potencial para a aplicação em produtos de confeitaria