Análisis de Beneficio de Incidencia: Implante coclear infantil en el Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau período 2003 a 2011

Introducción: La hipoacusia sensorioneural infantil es una causa frecuente de discapacidad en la infancia. Si bien la intervención ha demostrado ser costo efectiva, un alto porcentaje no accede al implante coclear por problemas de cobertura de los servicios de salud. Objetivo: Conocer el uso y distribución del gasto público de salud en el programa piloto de implantes cocleares del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau. Material y método: Se realizó un Análisis de Beneficio de Incidencia, que permite conocer la distribución y el uso del gasto público en salud entre los distintos grupos socioeconómicos. Resultados: Durante el período del estudio se realizaron 73 implantes cocleares en menores de 15 años, correspondiendo a 35 niñas y 38 hombres. El 56,1% de los menores con implante coclear se ubicaban en el primer quintil de ingresos, el 27,5% al segundo quintil, 15,1% en el tercer quintil, y un caso pertenecía al cuarto quintil, no registrándose ningún niño en el quinto quintil de ingresos según los datos de la encuesta CASEN 2009. Discusión: Al evaluar el programa se deduce que en este caso específico los recursos públicos se encuentran focalizados hacia la población con menores ingresos económicos y con menor acceso a los servicios sanitarios

Re-evaluating the Self-Report Habit Index: the cases of Physical Activity and Snacking habits

Objective. The Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) was originally reported as one-dimensional (Verplanken and Orbell, 2003). Nevertheless, habit has been described as characterized by several features, and one-dimensional models for the SRHI have shown poor fit. Therefore, we aimed to compare multi-dimensional models with a one-dimension model in both snacking and physical activity habits, besides examining further instrument characteristics. Design. A cross-sectional study was conducted with high school and university students (n = 555). Main outcome measure. The SRHI adapted for physical activity and for snaking habits was applied at one single time. Results. Nested models with one factor, two factors, and three factors were compared. Then, a hierarchical second-order model was tested, and further validity issues, as well as invariance between habits, were examined. Three-dimensional models represented a better fit for both habits. However, fit was still non-adequate in the snacking version. Also, discriminant validity concerns raised for the physical activity SRHI. Also, invariance between the snacking and the physical activity versions was not confirmed. Conclusions. Considering the SRHI as composed by the dimensions of “lack of awareness”, “lack of control”, and “history of behavioural repetition” seems to be more accurate. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that further research is needed.Universidad de Costa Rica/[723-B7-306]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP

The gap between assessment and creating inclusion

Different conceptions and understanding of the terms diversity and inclusion contribute to the slow progress in advancing principles of equity and social justice on college campuses. In particular, diversity and inclusion efforts must address national-level inequities with local instantiations of these inequities. In this chapter, Esteban Cardemil focuses on the critical role that assessment can play in helping advance university diversity and inclusion efforts by highlighting some forms of assessment. Further, he discusses some of the important limitations of assessment that must be acknowledged when conducting this work. Finally, he concludes by arguing that the very weaknesses inherent in assessment can spur the advancement of diversity efforts by encouraging diversity advocates to conceptualize diversity and inclusion as a process, not as an outcome

The prevention of depressive symptoms in inner-city, minority middle school students

This project investigates the effectiveness of the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP) a school-based depression prevention program, with inner-city, minority children. This program teaches cognitive and social problem-solving skills to groups of middle-school children who might be at-risk for developing depressive symptoms by virtue of their low. income status. Previous research had established the effectiveness of the original PRP with predominately middle-income Caucasian children (Jaycox, Reivich, Gillham, & Seligman, 1994; Gillham, Reivich, Jaycox, & Seligman, 1995). We administered the inner-city version of the PRP to two cohorts of low-income, inner-city children: African American and Latino students. 103 African American and 49 Latino children were randomly assigned to either the PRP or a no-treatment control condition. We have followed the participants for six months following the conclusion of the program, measuring self-report depressive symptoms, explanatory style, negative cognitions, and self-esteem. We found a clearly beneficial effect for the Latino children who participated in the program: up to six months after the conclusion of PRP, the Latino prevention children reported fewer depressive symptoms, fewer negative cognitions, and higher self-esteem than the randomly assigned controls. In contrast, the success of the program did not extend to the African American children. The African American prevention children did report significantly fewer symptoms across the follow-up period; however, this improvement was not different from that reported by the African American control children. Analyses indicate that this differential effectiveness was driven by both a less robust response in the African American participants and a significant “natural improvement” in the African American control children. Various possible explanations for these factors are explored. It may be that as the African American children grew older, they became less likely than the Latino children to experience or report depressive symptoms. Comparisons with larger epidemiological studies, as well as implications for future prevention work, are considered

Introduction from the new editor

The new editor of the Journal of Latina/o Psychology provides a brief review of the history and recent accomplishments of the journal and identifies a number of priorities for the next few years. These priorities include expanding the topics covered, soliciting special issues, and fortifying the editorial board. The editorial concludes with a list of recommendations for potential authors

The prevention of depressive symptoms in inner-city, minority middle school students

This project investigates the effectiveness of the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP) a school-based depression prevention program, with inner-city, minority children. This program teaches cognitive and social problem-solving skills to groups of middle-school children who might be at-risk for developing depressive symptoms by virtue of their low. income status. Previous research had established the effectiveness of the original PRP with predominately middle-income Caucasian children (Jaycox, Reivich, Gillham, & Seligman, 1994; Gillham, Reivich, Jaycox, & Seligman, 1995). We administered the inner-city version of the PRP to two cohorts of low-income, inner-city children: African American and Latino students. 103 African American and 49 Latino children were randomly assigned to either the PRP or a no-treatment control condition. We have followed the participants for six months following the conclusion of the program, measuring self-report depressive symptoms, explanatory style, negative cognitions, and self-esteem. We found a clearly beneficial effect for the Latino children who participated in the program: up to six months after the conclusion of PRP, the Latino prevention children reported fewer depressive symptoms, fewer negative cognitions, and higher self-esteem than the randomly assigned controls. In contrast, the success of the program did not extend to the African American children. The African American prevention children did report significantly fewer symptoms across the follow-up period; however, this improvement was not different from that reported by the African American control children. Analyses indicate that this differential effectiveness was driven by both a less robust response in the African American participants and a significant “natural improvement” in the African American control children. Various possible explanations for these factors are explored. It may be that as the African American children grew older, they became less likely than the Latino children to experience or report depressive symptoms. Comparisons with larger epidemiological studies, as well as implications for future prevention work, are considered

Final Editorial

The editor of the Journal of Latinx Psychology, in his final issue overseeing the journal, looks back over his tenure. He identifies several milestones that the journal has reached, including the various special issues, the first impact factor, and the name change. He also thanks the many members of the editorial team, the production staff at the American Psychological Association, and the leadership of the National Latinx Psychological Association

Evidence-based practice in a global context

This commentary examines how the adoption of benchmarking can promote the internationalization of evidence-based practice. Given the increasing evidence documenting the role of culture and context in the shaping of experiences and expressions of distress, as well as influencing attitudes and conceptions of mental health services, benchmarking may not represent the best approach to addressing global public health agendas. A brief overview of the sequential approach to developing, evaluating, and disseminating treatments in novel cultural contexts is presented, in which benchmarking can play an important, albeit secondary role. It is argued that in a global context, benchmarking\u27s role may better function to promote dissemination within particular contexts, rather than between them

Culturally sensitive treatments: Need for an organizing framework

To date, descriptions of culturally sensitive therapies have insufficiently acknowledged the heterogeneity of perspectives on the role of culture in therapy. The generally homogeneous manner in which advocates of culturally sensitive therapies have described this work has likely contributed to the mainstream\u27s slow acceptance of the importance of culture. In this article, I propose an organizing framework that may help recognize the diversity of viewpoints regarding what constitutes culturally sensitive therapy. It is my hope that this framework, along with critical self-evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the various perspectives, will lead to more rapid incorporation of culture across treatments. Copyright © 2008 SAGE Publications