Measuring the Potential Power Elite in the UK and Sweden

This paper proposes a methodology for using survey data to understand the composition of elites, through analysing the pool of potential members. An occupational-based measure of ‘potential power elite' (PPE) is created and compared with other measures of occupational advantage. It is argued that this measure can be utilised to explore if the processes causing certain social groups to be under-represented in elite positions are around selection or the population recruited from. We provide analysis of elite positions in the UK and Sweden, demonstrating differences in terms of the potential pool of elite members and the occupational histories of people of those employed in roles associated with elite recruitment. We argue that understanding the composition of the PPE provides a more nuanced analysis of the processes of meritocracy in accessing positions of power and social influence

NACA Advanced Restricted Reports

Report presenting a program of tests on engine induction system de-icing by means of de-icing fluids and heated air. Several types of de-icing fluids were injected at several different locations and at various fluid flow rates were explored

NACA Advanced Restricted Reports

Report presenting testing on a Chandler-Evans 1900 CPB-3 carburetor mounted on a Pratt & Whitney R-1830-C4 intermediate rear engine section to find the limiting conditions for no icing, icing that would not affect engine operation (visible icing), and icing that would affect engine operation. Results regarding classification and location of ice formations, effect of icing on fuel-air ratio, and ways to limit icing conditions are provided

NACA Wartime Reports

Report presenting an investigation of the icing and de-icing characteristics of a Pratt & Whitney R-1830 engine induction system. The current report covers a program to determine the most effective rate and method of injection of de-icing fluid to remove a heavy ice formation from the induction system. Results regarding the flow rates, recovery times, de-icing portions of the runs, and ice formation characteristics are provided

NACA Advanced Restricted Reports

Report presenting icing tests on a Bendix-Stromberg PD-12F5 carburetor mounted on a Pratt & Whitney R-1830-C4 intermediate rear engine section. Limiting icing conditions were established for simulated cruising power and simulated rated power over a range of carburetor-air temperatures, and relative humidities are provided

NACA Memorandum Reports

"Flight tests were conducted on a twin-engine fighter airplane at pressure altitudes up to 10,000 feet with simulated conditions of moderate, heavy, and excessive rain to determine the increase in enthalpy of the charge air due to the turbosupercharger, to determine the rate of enthalpy increase of the charge air resulting from a sudden increase of engine power, and to compare the conditions that caused induction-system icing in flight with those that resulted in icing of the same carburetor and supercharger inlet elbow in laboratory tests" (p. 1)

NACA Memorandum Reports

"Ground tests were conducted on a twin-engine fighter airplane to study icing of an induction system incorporating an exhaust-driven turbosupercharger. The ground tests were made to determine the disposition of free water in the induction system of the airplane, to determine the charge-air heat rise available from the turbosupercharger, and to correlate actual airplane-test results with those of laboratory tests" (p. 1)