Universal Three Dimensional Optical Logic

Modern integrated circuits are essentially two-dimensional (2D). Partial three-dimensional (3D) integration and 3D-transistor-level integrated circuits have long been anticipated as routes to improve the performance, cost and size of electronic computing systems. Even as electronics approach fundamental limits however, stubborn challenges in 3D circuits, and innovations in planar technology have delayed the dimensional transition. Optical computing offers potential for new computing approaches, substantially greater performance and would complement technologies in optical interconnects and data storage. Nevertheless, despite some progress, few proposed optical transistors possess essential features required for integration into real computing systems. Here we demonstrate a logic gate based on universal features of nonlinear wave propagation: spatiotemporal instability and collapse. It meets the scaling criteria and enables a 3D, reconfigurable, globally-hyperconnected architecture that may achieve an exponential speed up over conventional platforms. It provides an attractive building block for future optical computers, where its universality should facilitate flexible implementations.Comment: manuscript (5 pages, 3 figures) with supplementary information (6 pages, 5 figures

Silent Signals

Grade Level(s): 3To peak children’s interest about the Underground Railroad To address misconceptions about the Underground Railroad To use children’s literature to learn about the signs of the Underground RailroadBall State University (Student) Muncie, Indian

Hiddin' Out

Grade Level(s): 4To peak children’s interest in the Underground Railroad. To inform them of different natural habitats and human habitats crossed by escaping slaves. To make students aware of the difficulties and dangers experienced by escaping slaves. To make students aware of different groups might assist them.Holland Elementary School Fort Wayne, I

EnsleyEdits: Creating a Style Resource for Professional Writers

This capstone explores the creation of a resource that helps professional writers keep up with ever-changing style practices and understand the implications of different stylistic and mechanical choices. Examining the history of style guides, analyzing the content of existing style references through the lens of prescriptivism and descriptivism, and assessing the gaps of current online style resources demonstrate how a new online style resource hosted on Instagram, EnsleyEdits, can meet this need for professional writers. Research on current social media, accessibility, and design practices demonstrate how content on the EnsleyEdits account can succeed on Instagram, and the results of an IRB-approved usability study highlight insights from the resource’s target audience. Collectively, these research components reveal how the EnsleyEdits style resource can help writers produce effective, conscious, intentional writing

Professional Preparation Of Secondary Health Education Teachers In Mississippi

The purpose of this study was to examine the professional preparation of secondary health education teachers in Mississippi. All four-year institutions of higher learning were contacted to determine the requirements for an approved program in order to obtain a supplemental endorsement in health, to compare the similarities and differences, and to determine the extent to which the approved programs reflect the ten content areas of the Mississippi Comprehensive Health Framework. This study also examined the status of secondary school health education programs in Mississippi by utilizing selected data from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2008 School Health Profiles Study and the 2006 School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS). The findings of this study revealed that eight of Mississippi\u27s four-year institutions offer an approved program for a supplemental endorsement in health. For all eight of these institutions, 12 credit hours are required. Most of these institutions require a semester course in first aid or emergency health care as well as drug abuse, family living, and a methods-of-teaching health course. Only three institutions required or offered as an option a course in human sexuality or sex education. Only one institution required a course on the health benefits of physical activity and only one institution offered as an option a course in nutrition. Upon evaluation of the course content of the eight approved programs to the ten content areas of the Mississippi Comprehensive Health Framework, human growth and development was the content area least covered folloby nutrition. Although the total semester hours required by the approved programs for a health endorsement in Mississippi are well below the semester hours required for an endorsement in other academic areas, the CDC data for Mississippi reported that 87 to 94 percent of the lead health education teachers in Mississippi are certified. According to the CDC data, Mississippi does have specified time requirements for health instruction at the high school level and does provide schools with a curriculum and instructional tools recommended by the CDC

Alien Registration- Hall, Ensley (Calais, Washington County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/1005/thumbnail.jp

Relationships of drinking water quality to production and reproduction in dairy herds

This project is investigating the drinking water quality of Iowa dairy cattle and the effect drinking water quality has on performance. There were 128 dairy farms participating in this study;For this study a novel method of sampling drinking water directly from drinking devices was utilized. There were 59 dairy farms using wells, 68 farms using rural water and 1 farm using spring water for the drinking water source. Contemporary production data was from DHIA records;The following parameters were measured, coliform, pH, total dissolved solids, nitrate, sulfate, and 22 minerals. A record of the type and amount of watering devices available for drinking water for lactating dairy cattle were taken. Linear inches available for drinking water space was determined as well as the frequency of cleaning of water devices;Preliminary results indicate that there are constituents of drinking water that appear to impact performance or reproduction of dairy cattle in Iowa. Elevated levels of nitrate, B, Ba, K, P and Mn in the drinking water have a negative effect on milk production. Elevated sulfate concentration in drinking water has a positive effect on milk production;Information about how drinking water was provided was also recorded. Positive effects on milk production were an increasing linear inches per cow available for drinking, the use of cups as drinking water devices and an increasing frequency of cleaning of water devices. An increasing distance from the feed bunk to the first available water device and not using drinking cup devices had a negative effect on milk production;Additional relationships of drinking water quality and the performance of Iowa dairy cattle are being delineated

Take Precautions When Feeding Drought-Damaged Corn as Silage

When a corn plant is stunted, or not growing normally, nitrates can build up in the plant. Typically nitrogen that is taken up by the corn plant is converted to amino acids – the building blocks of protein – but in the stressed plant this conversion does not occur. And that’s why producers need to know how to handle and feed drought-damaged corn in silage form, according to Steve Ensley of Iowa State University’s Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (VDPAM) department

Toward the Development of a Model to Evaluate the Effect of the Accelerated Cost Recovery System of Depreciation as Enacted by the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 on State of Florida Corporate Tax Revenues.

In 1981, Congress passed the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA). One of the major provisions of ERTA is the Accelerated Cost Recovery System (ACRS) of depreciation. ACRS allows for a more rapid recovery of the cost of a depreciable asset than existed under prior law. At the federal level, this accelerated cost recovery is expected to result in substantial revenue loss. The benefit of the revenue loss is a hoped for stimulation to capital investment to spur economic recovery. During the deliberations leading to the enactment of ERTA, much attention was focused on this revenue loss at the federal level. Little attention, however, was directed toward the revenue impact on states whose tax base conformed to the federal tax base. This study examines the revenue impact of the ACRS provisions on the State of Florida corporate tax revenues for the years 1982-1985. The examination makes use of both state data and national data. First, a Florida / U.S. model is constructed by relating Florida taxable income to U.S. taxable income for each industry represented in the sample of Florida corporate tax returns. This model allows for the use of national investment information. At the national level, a determination is made of expected investment for each industry represented in the Florida / U.S. model, for the years 1982-1985. Depreciation calculations are made for this investment, by industry, under pre-ERTA law and under ACRS. The difference in depreciation, again by industry, is translated to the state level by use of the relationships established in the Florida / U.S. model. At the state level, the change in depreciation is multiplied by the 5% state corporate tax rate. The result of this procedure in the gross revenue impact to the State of Florida caused by the ACRS provisions. This gross revenue impact is reduced to a net figure for the years 1982-1984 by the emergency excise tax. The emergency excise tax was enacted by the Florida legislature in an effort to negate the anticipated revenue loss from the ACRS provisions. This excise tax expires after 1984