Incidence Of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Amongst Potential Semen Donors In University Of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

The incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Prospective Semen Donors where investigated using Standard Laboratory Procedures. 30 Prospective Semen Donors were screened for common STDs/STI at the Human Reproductive Research Programme /Invitro Fertilization Centre of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The incidence rates are Staphylococcus aureus (20%), followed by Chlamydia trachomatis (6.7%) while Klebsiellia spp, Treponema pallidum, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Escherichia coli and Hepatitis B Virus were detected with incidence rate of 3.3% each respectively. Ten percent (10%) of the prospective semen donors had evidence of polymicrobial infection excluding HIV. The risk of sexually transmitted diseases or infection should be of great concern to couples undergoing therapeutic artificial donor insemination. Keywords: STDs/STI, Artificial Insemination, Semen Donors

Result Of Seroprevalence Of HIV Amonst Undergraduate Students Of Government Approved Private University In Edo State

The seroprevalence of HIV amongst undergraduate students of a Government Approved University of Edo State was studied. Out of 1020 students randomly selected from the various faculties or departments, qualitative detection of anti bodies to HIV were detected in (4.3%) male and (2.3) female. There was a significant difference in seroprevalence rate between the male students and female category as

Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Patients Attending Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Clinics in Benin City, Nigeria

Two hundred and forty-two high vaginal and 68 male urethral swab samples from symptomatic patients were screened by light microscopic and microbiological culture techniques for the detection of aetiologic agents. Blood samples from all 310 patients were also screened by serological test for syphilis, while serum from 10 subjects were also screened for antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis. Candida infection was the most prevalent, and occurred in 112(47.9%) of infected females but absent in all male subjects. Screening test for syphilis was positive in 106(34.2%) subjects, while5(50.0%) of the 10 serum samples screened for Chlamydia trachomatis antibodies were reactive. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated in 2(4.1%) of males and 7(3.0%) of infected females. Trichomonas vaginalis was observed only in 33(14.1%) females. Patients in the age group 21-30 years were the most commonly infected. Sexually-transmitted diseases remainendemic in the community

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Aetiologic Agents of Bacteraemia Associated with Dental Extractions.

The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the aetiologic agents of bacteraemia following dental extractions was surveyed. Seventy-eight bacterial isolates were obtained, of which 61 (78.2%) were facultative anaerobes (including microaerophiles), and 17 (21.8%) were obligate anaerobes. Among the facultative anaerobes and microaerophiles, the most frequently isolated bacteria were species of Staphylococcus (24.4%), Streptococcus (20.5%), and á-haemolytic streptococci (12.8%); Bacteriodes spp. (10.3%) were the most frequently isolated anaerobes. The organisms were more sensitive to ciprofloxacin than to any other antibiotics as all but the S. aureus isolates (89.5%) were uniformly sensitive. The least effective was tetracycline. Only 7 (9.0%) of the 78 isolates were sensitive to this antibiotic.Keywords: Dental extraction, Bacteraemia, aetiologic agents

Bacteriological studies of infected kerosine burn wounds in Benin City, Nigeria

A survey of the aerobic bacteria of freshly admitted and prolonged hospitalized kerosene burn wounds were carried out. Out of the 123 infected burn wounds from freshly admitted patients, the predominant isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (40.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27.8%), Streptococcus pyogenes (3.3%), Klebsiella sp. (2.4%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.9%), Escherichia coli (5.7%) and Proteus sp. (2.4%). From 36 prolong hospitalized patients yielded S. aureus (25%), P. aeruginosa (19.4%), and Strept. pyogenes (11.1%), Klebsiella sp. (2.8%), E. coli (13.9%), Proteus sp. (11.1%), Strept. pneumoniae (5.6%), and S. epidermidis (11.1%). The organisms were further tested for their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. The quinolones (ciproxacin, pefloxacin and ofloxacin), cefuroxime and gentamicin were the most effective on isolates from freshly admitted patients and to a lesser extent on isolates from prolong hospitalized patients.. Generally P. aeruginosa and Proteus sp. were the most resistant organisms to the various antibiotic tested. KEY WORDS: Aerobic Bacteria-Kerosene Burn- Sensitivity. Journal of Biomedical Investigation 2004;2(1): 4-

The screening of multi-drug resistance (MDR) susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis to methicillin and vancomycin in teaching hospitals in Nigeria

Background: In Nigeria, the widespread use of antibiotics had led to high levels of resistance among bacterial isolates from patients with nosocomial infections. This had led to prolonged hospital stay and antibiotic therapy, especially &#946;-lactam antibiotics that predispose patients to acquisition of methicillin -resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) and coagulase negative resistant staphylococci. Objective: to evaluate the resistant pattern of multi-drug resistant strains of 80 clinical Staph. aureus, 22 environmental Staph. aureus, 30 clinical Staph. epidermidis and 12 environmental Staph. epidermidis to methicillin and vancomycin from teaching hospitals in Nigeria. Material and Methods: The Staphylococcus species were identified and confirmed by gram-positive cocci morphology, catalase-positive reaction, tested for mannitol salt fermentation and DNase production. The organisms were confirmed to be Staph. aureus and Staph. epidermidis by the tube coagulase test. The antibiotics susceptibility patterns were determined both by overnight broth-micro-dilution and agar disk diffusion methods. Results: The isolates were resistant to ampicillin, followed by penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamicin but to a lesser extent were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. All the multi-drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus species were 100% sensitive to vancomycin and methicillin with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) breakpoint < 4µg/ml to vancomycin and MIC < 5µg/ml to methicillin on Mueller Hinton agar supplemented with 2%NaCl. Conclusion: The results indicated that methicillin and vancomycin are still very potent antibiotics against staphylococcal infections in Nigeria. Keywords: MDR Staphylococcus, methicillin and vancomycinSudan Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 2 (4) 2007: pp. 257-26

Bacterial adherence: the role of serum and wound fluid

Bacteria are known to initiate wound infections and have been found associated with wound infections. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bacterial adherence potential (BAP) wounds. Thebacteria used were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from infected wounds and assayed for their adherence ability using wound fluid andserum. The BAP were achieved by exposing the pathogens to freshly excised wounds. The adhered bacteria were then eluded and quantified using log (CFU/cm2) on Mueller Hinton Agar per cm2 of tissue.The results indicated that wound fluid and serum has a remarkable bacterial adherence potential (BAP) when exposed to freshly injured wounds as when compared to distilled water and no agent

Emerging quinolones resistant transfer genes among gram-negative bacteria, isolated from faeces of HIV/AIDS patients attending some Clinics and Hospitals in the City of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria

A survey of 1431 gram-negative bacilli from June 2001 to September 2005 were obtained from the faeces of 920 HIV/AIDS patients attending some Clinics and Hospitals in Benin City, Nigeria, were screened for quinolones resistance gene. The HIV/AIDS patients CD4 cells range was ≤14/mm3 ≥800/mm3 of blood. Out of the 1431 isolates, 343 (23.9%) were resistance to quinolones with a MIC ≥4μg/ml for norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin while a MIC of ≥32 µg/ml for nalidixic acid. The screened isolates include Pseudomonas aeruginosa 64(18.7%), E coli 92(26.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 53(15.4%), Salmonella typhi 39(11.4%), Shigella dysenteriae 36(10.5%), Proteus mirabilis 34(9.9%) and Serratia marcescens 25(7.3%). The average resistance of the isolates to the various quinolones ranged from 42.7% to 66.7%. Klebsiella were the most resistant isolates with a mean resistance of 66.7% while Proteus were the less resistant isolates with a mean resistance of 42.7%. Most isolates were resistant to Nalidixic acid followed by norfloxacin while the less resistant were to the pefloxacin. The frequency of qnr genes transfer to EJRifr as recipient ranged from 2 x 10-2 to 6 x 10-6 with an average of 2 plasmids per cell. The molecular weight of the plasmids ranged from <2.9kbp to <5.5 kbp. This indicated that plasmids allowed the movement of genetic materials including qnr resistant genes between bacteria species and genera in Benin City, Nigeria

Prevalence of Pseudomonas in burn wounds at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

No Abstract Available J. Expt. & Clin. Anat Vol.3(1) 2004:12-1