Effect of Organic Compounds Additives for Biodiesel Fuel blends on Diesel Engine Vibrations and Noise Characteristics

The extensive consumption of petroleum fuel directly correlates with both hazardous exhaust emissions affecting human health and contributing to global warming. Initially, biodiesel fuels were proposed as a viable alternative to address these issues. This perspective finds support in numerous published studies that highlight how the significant catalytic effect of nanoparticles allows for their integration into biodiesel blends, resulting in improved combustion characteristics, reduced exhaust emissions, and enhanced performance. This study investigates the impact of additives on biodiesel fuel properties and its effects on engine performance metrics such as brake power, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas concentration, engine vibration, and noise levels. In this work, we extracted the majority of previous research findings from specific studies. The inclusion of additives leads to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and NOx, as well as enhanced brake power and brake thermal efficiency. It also reduces the amount of gasoline consumed during braking, exhaust gas temperature, vibration, noise, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke emissions. The comprehensive review concludes definitively that the compromised engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of biodiesel-diesel blends can be effectively restored through the addition of nanoparticles

Engine Performance and Emissions Improvement Study on Direct Injection of Diesel/Ammonia Dual Fuel by Adding CNG as Partially Premixed Charge

Researchers have recently moved on in their studies to find a solution to prevent or reduce this problem. There have been directions taken by researchers to solve the problem, including, replacing fossil fuels with environmentally friendly types or by combining two or more types of fuel. This is by modifying fuel injection systems as appears in the PCCI, RCCI, or HCCI systems, or working to integrate the two trends by using new injection systems and burning alternative fuels with fossil fuels. Therefore, the trend has good results on the specific consumption of fuel, raising thermal efficiency, and working to reduce environmentally polluting emissions. This study employed ammonia hydroxide and diesel as a green fuel, with volume ratios of 7.5% to 92.5%, respectively. By adding a variable percentage of compressed natural gas (CNG) (1.5 litres/min - 2.5liters/min) using the PCCI system in a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine the experimental studies will performed on the engine thermal efficiency (BTE) and emissions polluting the environment. The change in specific fuel consumption (BSFC) will be discussed and the results will be compared with their counterparts in the case of using diesel only and using diesel with ammonia hydroxide of the mentioned percentage only. The vibration analysis system has been employed to evaluate the actual performance of the engine by measuring the vibration using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) approach. Moreover, after practical experiments, we concluded that using ammonia hydroxide with diesel in volume proportions of 7.5% - 92.5%, when compared to diesel only worked to improve thermal efficiency by 20.98%, and 23.95%, respectively. When natural gas is added by 1.5 litres per minute, the thermal efficiency increases to 26.83%, but when it is added at a rate of 2.5 litres per minute, the thermal efficiency increases to 27.45%. The exhaust temperature, specific fuel consumption, emissions species, and soot opacity will record in the study

A Technical Survey on the Impact of Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Multifuel Blends on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics

The increasing demand for fossil fuels poses significant challenges as their reserves gradually deplete over time. Biodiesel is considered one of the most effective alternative fuels to mitigate these issues. Current research focuses on comparing engine performance parameters when blending biodiesel with fossil fuels in Compression Ignition (C.I.) engines. The study demonstrates a comparison of the exhaust emissions produced by biodiesel fuel. In comparison to diesel, biodiesel generally exhibits lower heating value, higher density, increased fuel consumption, and elevated nitrogen oxide levels. To address these challenges, various additives are mixed and blended with biodiesel to meet international fuel standards. These additives include oxygen additives, cetane improvers, growth enhancers, and antioxidants, which contribute to producing high-quality biodiesel fuel. By incorporating these additives, engine performance can be enhanced in terms of thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperatures. Furthermore, biodiesel usage leads to lower emissions of greenhouse gases such as hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide compared to conventional fuels. Notably, blending additives with biodiesel and diesel fuel has been shown to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Additionally, this research highlights aspects related to engine vibrations and the efficiency coefficient

Investigation into the Impact of Ammonia Hydroxide on Performance and Emissions in Compression Ignition Engines Utilizing Diesel/Biodiesel Blends

In recent times, there has been a surge in scientific endeavors aimed at combating global warming. Various methods have been employed to address this issue, including the substitution of fossil fuels with more environmentally sustainable alternatives and the combination of different fuel types. This can be achieved through the integration of innovative injection systems and the simultaneous combustion of alternative fuels alongside fossil fuels, or by modifying fuel injection systems such as in the PCCI, RCCI, or HCCI systems. In a particular research investigation, a blend of ammonia hydroxide and diesel, with volume percentages of 7.5% and 92.5% respectively, was utilized as green fuels. Various proportions of biodiesel were incorporated into the conventional injection system. Experiments were conducted on a four-stroke, single-cylinder, air-cooled diesel engine with fuel ratios of D80B20N7.5, D60B40N7.5, D40B60N7.5, D20B80N7.5, and pure diesel. The primary objective was to analyze the engine\u27s brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and resulting emissions. Additionally, the study investigated changes in specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and compared the outcomes to those obtained using diesel alone. The study findings revealed that the inclusion of ammonia hydroxide in the blend of diesel and biodiesel in varying volumetric ratios led to an increase in brake thermal efficiency compared to using diesel alone. While the average brake thermal efficiency with pure diesel stood at 20.5%, the introduction of the diesel and biodiesel mixture in different proportions resulted in a decrease in average brake thermal efficiency. However, incorporating ammonia hydroxide at a volumetric percentage of 7.5% into the blend led to an increase in average brake thermal efficiency corresponding to the volumetric percentage employed. The highest brake thermal efficiency of 21.26% was achieved with the D80B20N7.5 mixture. As the percentage of biodiesel increased, there was a subsequent decrease in average brake thermal efficiency. Nevertheless, with the addition of the highest mixture percentage, D20B80N7.5, a brake thermal efficiency of 20.85% was recorded, surpassing the performance of diesel alone

Experimental Investigation on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Co-combustion of Pulverized Biomass with Diesel Fuel in an Industrial Burner

This study presents the combustion and emission results obtained from a laboratory furnace equipped with a 35 kW industrial burner that utilizes co-combustion of pulverized biomass and diesel fuel. The experiment compared the co-combustion of pulverized biomass and diesel fuel with diesel fuel alone. Three different loading ratios of pulverized biomass from residual beet samples were used. Temperatures were measured at various positions inside the furnace to analyze combustion performance. It was observed that increasing the biomass loading ratios led to higher flame temperatures and improved combustion compared to diesel fuel alone. The concentrations of pollutants such as Co, HC, and soot emissions were measured for the co-combustion of different ratios of biomass with diesel fuel. The results showed a decrease in emissions compared to diesel fuel alone. By increasing the biomass loading ratios, emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and soot were reduced by approximately 25%, 50%, 23%, and 30% respectively, compared to diesel fuel alone. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of co-firing biomass derived from agricultural residues with conventional fuel in industrial burners. These findings contribute to the understanding of biomass co-firing technology and support the development of sustainable and cleaner energy generation practices

Enhancing Diesel Engine Performance by Directly Injecting Blends of Ammonium Hydroxide and Including Liquid Petroleum Gas as a Partially Premixed Charge

Recently, scientists have made significant strides in addressing or mitigating environmental issues. Researchers have adopted various approaches to tackle these issues, such as replacing fossil fuels with more environmentally friendly alternatives or blending multiple fuel types. This can be achieved by either integrating these two trends through the use of new injection systems and simultaneous combustion of alternative fuels with fossil fuels or by modifying fuel injection systems, exemplified by the PCCI, RCCI, or HCCI systems. Consequently, these methods have proven effective in reducing environmental pollutants, enhancing thermal efficiency, and decreasing specific fuel consumption. In this study, ammonia hydroxide and diesel were utilized as eco-friendly fuels, with volume ratios of 7.5% and 92.5%, respectively. Using the PCCI system, a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine underwent varying additions of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at rates of two, four, and six liters per minute. This facilitated experimental investigations into the engine\u27s thermal efficiency (BTE) and ambient emissions. Additionally, changes in specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were examined and compared with those when using diesel alone or diesel with ammonia hydroxide in the specified proportion. Moreover, empirical findings indicated that incorporating ammonia hydroxide into diesel at volume ratios of 7.5%–92.5% resulted in a mere 20.98% and 23.95% increase in thermal efficiency, respectively, compared to diesel alone. However, the average brake thermal efficiency improved to 24.6% with the introduction of liquefied petroleum gas at a rate of two liters per minute and escalated to 36.2% at a rate of four liters per minute. The highest braking thermal efficiency, 42.9%, was observed at a 2-kw load when adding LPG at a rate of six liters per minute with an increase in load. Additionally, the investigation monitored parameters such as soot opacity, emissions species, exhaust temperature, and specific fuel consumption

Experimental Study on the Impact of Secondary Air Injection and different swirl van angles on Premixed Turbulent Flame Propagation and Emission Behaviors

The objective of the present paper is to investigate experimentally the flame characteristics utilizing different secondary air inlet direction for different primary air swirl numbers and equivalence fuel-air ratios. In this study, an experimental test rig was carried out to investigate the flame temperature and emission behavior with flame length at the equivalence fuel-air ratios taken0.96, 0.80, 0.70, and 0.60, and swirl vane angles were varied as 20, 30, 45, and 60° to generate different swirl numbers of 0.26, 0.416, 0.71 and 1.23, respectively. In addition to the introduction of secondary air in test combustor, whereas the primary air and fuel mass flow rates were kept constant at 12.5. Also, the secondary air flow rate was changed to give different secondary over primary air and fuel ratios of 0.19, 0.32, 0.41, and 0.48. The study showed that the flame temperature distribution with flame length at the equivalence fuel-air ratios is increased at 20.0 mm of radial flame distance and decreases gradually with radial flame distance. Also, the experimental investigation illustrated the emission characteristics at different equivalence fuel-air ratios accounting for nitrogen oxide and unburned hydrocarbon were decreased gradually with radial flame distance at different swirl vane angles. Moreover, the emission characteristics at different equivalence fuel-air ratios accounting for the concentration percent of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide were decreased gradually with radial flame distance at different swirl vane angle

Effects of Fuel Equivalence Ratio and Swirl Vane Angles on Premixed Burner Turbulent Flame Combustion Characteristics

A turbulent flow field has a major effect on the premixed flame structure and temperature distribution that specifically determines the effectiveness of the burned fuel and the amounts of produced emissions. However, the premixed flame tangential and axial velocity distribution through the flame length help to predict the combustion and emissions attributes of the burned fuel. In this regard, an experimental and analytical investigation on premixed turbulent burners at different equivalence fuel-air ratios with different swirl vane angles has been achieved in the present work to assess the combustion performance and emissions characteristics. A theoretical methodology was carried out to predict the flame temperature distribution with flame length at the equivalence fuel-air ratio of 0.6 and 0.8and swirl vane angle 20°. Also, the emission characteristics such as NOx, CO2, CO, and UHC have accounted experimentally and analytically to accounting gas temperature, and axial and tangential velocities distribution along the flame length. However, a statistical analysis was performed to verify and validate the proposed model. The prediction and experimental observations illustrated the acceptable agreement whereas the overall error in the experimental testes verification is about 3.66 %

Analyzing the Influence of Design and Operating Conditions on Combustion and Emissions in Premixed Turbulent Flames: A Comprehensive Review

Recently, premixed combustion has dominated the field of combustion research worldwide. The current work is a review that addresses the effects of design and operating regimes on the combustion and emission characteristics of premixed turbulent flames. The study accounts for recent developments aimed at overcoming combustor operability issues that influence emissions and flame stability. Various experimental setups have been utilized in investigations, with results pertaining to performance and emissions concerning premixed turbulent flames. Thus, the objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the effects of swirl vane angles and equivalence fuel-air ratios for tests conducted both with and without secondary air, aiming to improve combustion performance and reduce emissions. This review extensively analyzes published studies to provide and discuss different strategies for controlling premixed turbulent combustion techniques within a wide range of swirl vane angles and equivalence air-fuel ratios

Chemical Kinetic Investigation: Exploring the Impact of Various Concentrations of HHO Gas with a 40% Biodiesel/Diesel Blend on HCCI Combustion

This study uses the Chemkin software program to evaluate the effect of different quantities of oxyhydrogen gas [HHO] added to 40% biodiesel and diesel mix [B40], including B40, B40+5HHO, B40+10HHO, and B40+15HHO, on the HCCI combustion process\u27s efficiency. The information collected includes cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, accumulated gas phase heat release, heat loss rate, UHC, and mole fractions of O2, CO, CO2, diesel [NC7H16], biodiesel [C5H10O2], and oxyhydrogen [H2O]. The finding is that, when compared to a blend of biodiesel and diesel, using oxyhydrogen in the biodiesel/diesel mix boosts the properties of the HCCI engine