Evaluation of the impact of climate change of hydropower generation in Ethiopia, a case of upper awash river basin

In this study, two scenarios of hydropower generation were developed based on two scenarios of climate change, namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 (see Fifth Assessment Report, AR5 of IPCC). Simulation results of three future periods, 2019-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2100, were compared with the actual state (2006-2014). The results of modelling revealed that there will be a decrease in hydropower energy by about 15 % in the last decade of the 21st Century under RCP8.5 scenario. Based on RCP4.5, an increment of 8 % was simulated for 2019-2040. But in the last period it is with ca. 1 % negligible.Den Ausgangspunkt dieser modellgestützten Untersuchungen zur möglichen Veränderung des Energiedargebots durch Wasserkraft bildeten die Klimaszenarios RCP4.5 und RCP8.5 (siehe Fifth Assessment Report AR5 des IPCC). Die Auswertungen erfolgten für die Zeiträume 2019-2040, 2041-2070 und 2071-2100 im Vergleich zu 2006-2014. Diese machen deutlich, dass bei RCP8.5 die Verfügbarkeit an Energie in der letzten Dekade des 21. Jh. um ca. 15 % abnehmen könnte. Bei RCP4.5 wird anfänglich mit 8 % eine signifikante Steigerung ausgewiesen. Im letzten Zeitraum ist diese mit ca. 1 % vernachlässigbar

Patients Satisfaction on Clinical Laboratory Services at Nekemte Referral Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia

Background: Satisfaction is the extent to which the clients feel their needs are fulfilled and their expectations are being met by the service provider. Furthermore, understanding the level of client satisfaction and identifying the factors hindering client satisfaction are the most important base lines to improve the quality of service being delivered. Objective: to assess the extent to which patients were satisfied on clinical laboratory services provided at  Nekemte Referral Hospital   (NRH) . Method: A Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 422 Patients requested for clinical laboratory service at NRH from March to April 2014. Data were collected using structured, pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS for windows version 20. Result: Among the 422 patients, 255 (60.4%) were satisfied, 75 (17.8%) were neutral and 92(21.8%) were dissatisfied with the laboratory services given in Nekemte Referral Hospital. There was no significant association between socio-demographic characteristics and level of satisfaction of patients (P- value > 0.05).In Likert Scale, the overall mean rate of satisfaction of patients with laboratory services in Nekemte referral hospital was 3.65 out of the 5 points. The lowest mean rating of satisfaction were given for Cleanness of latrine and location of the laboratory in the hospital with mean rating of 2.15 and 2.17 respectively. Conclusion: The overall degree of patient  customers’ satisfaction with the laboratory services at Nekemte Referral Hospital was 60.4% .patients were dissatisfied in cleanness and location of latrines in the hospital. Therefore; hospital administration and the laboratory department of  Nekemte referral Hospital should strive more to enhance patients’ satisfaction, particularly in sanitation and location of the latrine in the hospital. Key Words: patients’ Satisfaction, Clinical Laboratory Services, Nekemte Referral Hospita