Trakeal bronkus: Bir olgu sunumu

Trakeal bronkus, trakeadan kaynaklanan sağ bronchus lobaris superior olup, ilk olarak 1785’te tanımlanmıştır. Genelde karinanın sağ üst tarafında, sağ akciğerin üst lobunun segmentum apicale’sini havalandıran nadir görülen konjenital bir anomalidir ve üç tipi vardır. Bir yıldır öksürük ve nefes darlığı şikayeti olan 41 yaşındaki erkek hastanın çekilen kontrastlı aksiyal ve koronal reformat toraks bilgisayarlı tomografisinin incelenmesi sonucunda sağ akciğerindeki bronchus lobaris superior’unun karina üstünden ayrıldığı görülmüştür. Tekrarlayan akciğer enfeksiyonu olan hastalarda ve özellikle Down sendromu olmak üzere konjenital kalp hastalıkları, aspleni sendromu ve kosta anomalileri gibi ek anomalisi olan vakalarda olası trakeobronşial anomaliler akılda tutulmalıdır. Bu hastalara uygulanan yanlış endotrakeal entübasyonun, atelektazi ve pnömotoraks gibi komplikasyonlara neden olabileceği düşünülmelidir. Bunun yanı sıra anestezi öncesi bilgisayarlı tomografi ile anatomik yapının değerlendirilmesi varyasyonların tanımlanması açısından önemlidi

Tularemia in children: Evaluation of clinical, laboratory and treatment outcomes of 15 tularemia cases Çocuklarda tularemi: Tularemili 15 olgunun klinik, laboratuvar ve tedavi sonuçlari{dotless}ni{dotless}n deǧerlendirilmesi

Introduction: Tularemia is a zoonotic diseases caused by Francisella tularensis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings of 15 children with the diagnosis of tularemia. Materials and Methods: Fifteen cases admitted with fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy and a F. tularensis antibody titer of 1/160 and above in the microagglutination test (MAT) were evaluated retrospectively. Their sociodemographic characteristics, contact with animals, history of tick bite, duration of complaints, clinical and laboratory findings, treatments and clinical courses were studied. Results: The mean age of patients was 11.5±5.1 (3-17) years and 61.3% were male. Fiftythree percent of the patients were living in rural areas, and had contact with contaminated water. Swelling in the neck (93.3%), sore throat (66.7%) and fever (66.7%) were the most frequently observed symptoms. Oropharyngeal tularemia (66.7%) was predominated. In 27% of the patients LAPs were drained surgically, and in 13.3% of cases they were drained by itself. The mean duration between onset of tularemia symptoms and diagnosis was 53±45.3 (5150) days. Sixty percent of patients were received beta-lactam-antibiotics before admission. It was noted that 6 patients with suppurative lymph nodes were admitted to hospital within median 61 (20-150) days, while others were admitted within median 35 (5-75) days (p<0.05). Mean leukocyte count was 8558.6±1384.5 (6030-11400)/mm3, mean CRP was 5.8±2.9 (1-6.7) mg/dl, and mean ESR was 33.1±28.9 (6-103) mm/h. MAT showed that titers ranged from 1/160 to 1/1280. Gentamicin was given in seven patients (47%), streptomycin in five patients (33%), and doxycycline in 3 patients (20%). Conclusions: Tularemia should to be taken into account in the differential diagnosis in patients having tonsillopharyngitis and cervical lymphadenopathy without response to beta-lactam antibiotics in rural areas. © The Journal of Current Pediatrics, published by Galenos Publishing

Effect of vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 on bone mineral density in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Current treatment protocols in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are associated with high remission rates and long life expectancy, enhancing the importance of quality of life and prevention of treatment-related complications in patient care. As osteoporosis is a frequent complication in patients under chemotherapy, we investigated the effect of vitamin K2 (100 mcg menaquinone-7) and vitamin D3 (10 mcg calcitriol) on bone metabolism in children with ALL

Effects of 3D Bone Models on Anatomy Education: Student Survey

Background/Aims: Anatomy education is of great importance in evaluating the human body as a whole and understanding the normal functioning of organs and systems. Knowledge of human anatomy plays a critical role in the diagnosis of diseases, surgical interventions, evaluation of the health status of patients, and interpretation of the results of advanced imaging techniques. This study aims to evaluate the satisfaction of learning anatomy with the three-dimensional virtual anatomy atlas we developed and to investigate the effect of virtual three-dimensional applications on learning compared to traditional materials.Methods: The 3D applied atlas we developed was sent to the Faculty of Medicine term 1-2, Dentistry term 1, and Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation term 1 students. Students were asked to use the 3D applied atlas in addition to traditional medical education materials in their anatomy learning process. A 9-question Google Forms survey was prepared to evaluate their satisfaction of the application.Results: 471 participants from the Faculty of Dentistry, Medicine Term 1-2, and Physiotherapy Rehabilitation classes participated in our survey. Of the participants, 140 were Faculty of Dentistry students, 70 were Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation (PTR), 172 were Faculty of Medicine 1st Term and 89 were Faculty of Medicine 2nd Term. The number of students who found two-dimensional atlases useful was 198, while the number of students who found 3D models useful was 231. The number of students who found the cadaver model useful was 161.Conclusions: Based on the survey data we obtained, we can say that the students are satisfied with our 3D atlas application and have a positive attitude towards three-dimensional educational materials

The epidemiology and economic impact of varicella-related hospitalizations in Turkey from 2008 to 2010: a nationwide survey during the pre-vaccine era (VARICOMP study)

Varicella can cause complications that are potentially serious and require hospitalization. Our current understanding of the causes and incidence of varicella-related hospitalization in Turkey is limited and sufficiently accurate epidemiological and economical information is lacking. The aim of this study was to estimate the annual incidence of varicella-related hospitalizations, describe the complications, and estimate the annual mortality and cost of varicella in children. VARICOMP is a multi-center study that was performed to provide epidemiological and economic data on hospitalization for varicella in children between 0 and 15 years of age from October 2008 to September 2010 in Turkey. According to medical records from 27 health care centers in 14 cities (representing 49.3% of the childhood population in Turkey), 824 children (73% previously healthy) were hospitalized for varicella over the 2-year period. Most cases occurred in the spring and early summer months. Most cases were in children under 5 years of age, and 29.5% were in children under 1 year of age. The estimated incidence of varicella-related hospitalization was 5.29-6.89 per 100,000 in all children between 0-15 years of age in Turkey, 21.7 to 28 per 100,000 children under 1 year of age, 9.8-13.8 per 100,000 children under 5 years of age, 3.96-6.52 per 100,000 children between 5 and 10 years of age and 0.42 to 0.71 per 100,000 children between 10 and 15 years of age. Among the 824 children, 212 (25.7%) were hospitalized because of primary varicella infection. The most common complications in children were secondary bacterial infection (23%), neurological (19.1%), and respiratory (17.5%) complications. Secondary bacterial infections (p < 0.001) and neurological complications (p < 0.001) were significantly more common in previously healthy children, whereas hematological complications (p < 0.001) were more commonly observed in children with underlying conditions. The median length of the hospital stay was 6 days, and it was longer in children with underlying conditions (< 0.001). The median cost of hospitalization per patient was $338 and was significantly higher in children with underlying conditions (p < 0.001). The estimated direct annual cost (not including the loss of parental work time and school absence) of varicella-related hospitalization in children under the age of 15 years in Turkey was$856,190 to $1,407,006. According to our estimates, 882 to 1,450 children are hospitalized for varicella each year, reflecting a population-wide occurrence of 466-768 varicella cases per 100,000 children. In conclusion, this study confirms that varicella-related hospitalizations are not uncommon in children, and two thirds of these children are otherwise healthy. The annual cost of hospitalization for varicella reflects only a small part of the overall cost of this disease, as only a very few cases require hospital admission. The incidence of this disease was higher in children < 1 year of age, and there are no prevention strategies for these children other than population-wide vaccination. Universal vaccination is therefore the only realistic option for the prevention of severe complications and deaths. The surveillance of varicella-associated complications is essential for monitoring of the impact of varicella immunization