The Concentration of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Se in Fiber Fractions of Legumes in Indonesia

This study was carried out to evaluate concentration of micro minerals (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Se) of forages and their distribution in fiber fraction (neutral detergent fiber/NDF and acid detergent fiber/ADF) in West Sumatra during dry and rainy seasons. Four species of common legume namely Leucaena leucocephala, Centrocema pubescens, Calopogonium mucunoides and Acacia mangium were collected at native pasture during rainy and dry seasons. The results showed that micro minerals concentration of forages and their distribution in fiber fraction varied among species and season. In general, concentration of micro minerals was slightly higher in rainy season compared to dry season either in legumes forages. Data on legume forages showed that 75% of legumes were deficient in Zn and Mn, 62.5 % deficient in Cu and 50 % deficient in Se. There was no species of legume deficient in Fe. Distribution of micro minerals in NDF and ADF were also significantly affected by species and season and depends on the kinds of element measured. Generally, micro minerals were associated in fiber fractions and it yield much higher during dry season compared to rainy season. Iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) in forages were the highest elements associated in NDF and ADF, while the lowest was found in Copper (Cu). (Animal Production 12(2): 105-110 (2010

The continuum of high ovarian response: a rational approach to the management of high responder patient subgroups

<div><p></p><p>Ovarian follicular responsiveness to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with gonadotropins is extremely variable between individual patients, and even from cycle to cycle for the same patient. High responder patients are characterized by an exaggerated response to gonadotropin administration, accompanied by a higher risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). In spite of its importance, the literature regarding high responders is characterized by heterogeneous classification methodologies. A clear separation should be drawn between risk factors for a high ovarian response and the actual response exhibited by a patient to stimulation. Similarly, it is important to distinguish between high ovarian response and development of clinically significant OHSS. In this article we: (1) review recent publications pertaining to the identification and clinical management of high responders, (2) propose an integrated clinical model to differentiate sub-groups within this population based on this review, and (3) suggest specific protocols for each sub-group. The model is based on a chronological patient assessment in an effort to target treatment based on the specific clinical circumstances. It is our hope that the algorithm we have developed will assist clinicians to supply targeted and precise treatments in order to achieve a favorable reproductive outcome with minimum complications for each patient.</p></div

Additional file 3: of In vitro generation of Sertoli-like and haploid spermatid-like cells from human umbilical cord perivascular cells

Supplementary Figure S1–S4 (PPTX 5065 kb