Neue Partnerschaften in der nachhaltigen Stadtentwicklung? Potenziale von Transition-Town-Initiativen

NEUE PARTNERSCHAFTEN IN DER NACHHALTIGEN STADTENTWICKLUNG? POTENZIALE VON TRANSITION-TOWN-INITIATIVEN Neue Partnerschaften in der nachhaltigen Stadtentwicklung? Potenziale von Transition-Town-Initiativen / Ehnert, Franziska (Rights reserved) ( -

The acceleration of urban sustainability transitions: a comparison of Brighton, Budapest, Dresden, Genk, and Stockholm

City-regions as sites of sustainability transitions have remained under-explored so far. With our comparative analysis of five diverse European city-regions, we offer new insights on contemporary sustainability transitions at the urban level. In a similar vein, the pre-development and the take-off phase of sustainability transitions have been studied in depth while the acceleration phase remains a research gap. We address this research gap by exploring how transitions can move beyond the seeding of alternative experiments and the activation of civil society initiatives. This raises the question of what commonalities and differences can be found between urban sustainability transitions. In our explorative study, we employ a newly developed framework of the acceleration mechanisms of sustainability transitions. We offer new insights on the multi-phase model of sustainability transitions. Our findings illustrate that there are no clear demarcations between the phases of transitions. From the perspective of city-regions, we rather found dynamics of acceleration, deceleration, and stagnation to unfold in parallel. We observed several transitions—transitions towards both sustainability and un-sustainability—to co-evolve. This suggests that the politics of persistence—the inertia and path dependencies of un-sustainability—should be considered in the study of urban sustainability transition

Reframing places, communities and identities: social learning in urban experimentation

AbstractA central promise of urban experiments (UEs) is to create sites for social learning. However, research on such learning in sustainability transitions still lacks conceptual clarity and empirical evidence. This article helps to close this gap by analyzing how social learning emerges from urban experimentation. It adopts a transactional understanding of learning induced by disruptions of everyday habits and distinguishes cognitive, normative, and relational learning processes. Further, the additional dimension of socio-material learning is derived to account for changes in understanding or interpreting material realities. These concepts serve an analytical framework for a case study of two transition experiments carried out as part of the transdisciplinary research project “Dresden – City of the Future.” The two UEs strive to initiate local sustainability transitions pertaining to participatory governance of urban districts and co-creation of a livable schoolyard. The empirical results illustrate how interventions by the two UEs induced learning in the sense of changes of cognitive understandings, norms, relations among people, as well as between people and their socio-material environments. The experiments encouraged individual and collective learning and in particular the formation of collective identities and interpretations of specific places. By comparing two UEs, we further show differences in learning regarding the actor groups, namely that the majority of learning processes in the first experiment dealt with bridging the gap between prevalent routines of the school community and novel habits introduced by the initiators of the experiment. Participants of the second experiment were socio-ecologically minded from the outset and therefore fewer learning processes took place in this regard

CXCR4 and CXCR7 Inhibition Ameliorates the Formation of Platelet-Neutrophil Complexes and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through Adora2b Signaling

Peritonitis and peritonitis-associated sepsis are characterized by an increased formation of platelet–neutrophil complexes (PNCs), which contribute to an excessive migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) into the inflamed tissue. An important neutrophilic mechanism to capture and kill invading pathogens is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Formation of PNCs and NETs are essential to eliminate pathogens, but also lead to aggravated tissue damage. The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on platelets and PMNs have been shown to play a pivotal role in inflammation. Thereby, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were linked with functional adenosine A2B receptor (Adora2b) signaling. We evaluated the effects of selective CXCR4 and CXCR7 inhibition on PNCs and NETs in zymosan- and fecal-induced sepsis. We determined the formation of PNCs in the blood and, in addition, their infiltration into various organs in wild-type and Adora2b−/− mice by flow cytometry and histological methods. Further, we evaluated NET formation in both mouse lines and the impact of Adora2b signaling on it. We hypothesized that the protective effects of CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism on PNC and NET formation are linked with Adora2b signaling. We observed an elevated CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in circulating platelets and PMNs during acute inflammation. Specific CXCR4 and CXCR7 inhibition reduced PNC formation in the blood, respectively, in the peritoneal, lung, and liver tissue in wild-type mice, while no protective anti-inflammatory effects were observed in Adora2b−/− animals. In vitro, CXCR4 and CXCR7 antagonism dampened PNC and NET formation with human platelets and PMNs, confirming our in vivo data. In conclusion, our study reveals new protective aspects of the pharmacological modulation of CXCR4 and CXCR7 on PNC and NET formation during acute inflammation

The epistemic dimension of sustainability transformations: Mapping disruptive agency across system boundaries, levels and time.

The epistemic dimension of sustainability transformations: Mapping disruptive agency across system boundaries, levels and time.</p

Increased Levels of BAMBI Inhibit Canonical TGF-β Signaling in Chronic Wound Tissues

Chronic wounds affect more than 2% of the population worldwide, with a significant burden on affected individuals, healthcare systems, and societies. A key regulator of the entire wound healing cascade is transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which regulates not only inflammation and extracellular matrix formation but also revascularization. This present work aimed at characterizing wound tissues obtained from acute and chronic wounds regarding angiogenesis, inflammation, as well as ECM formation and degradation, to identify common disturbances in the healing process. Serum and wound tissues from 38 patients (N = 20 acute and N = 18 chronic wounds) were analyzed. The patients’ sera suggested a shift from VEGF/VEGFR to ANGPT/TIE2 signaling in the chronic wounds. However, this shift was not confirmed in the wound tissues. Instead, the chronic wound tissues showed increased levels of MMP9, a known activator of TGF-β. However, regulation of TGF-β target genes, such as CTGF, COL1A1, or IL-6, was absent in the chronic wounds. In wound tissues, all three TGF-β isoforms were expressed with increased levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 and a reporter assay confirmed that the expressed TGF-β was activated. However, Western blots and immunostaining showed decreased canonical TGF-β signaling in the respective chronic wound tissues, suggesting the presence of a TGF-β inhibitor. As a potential regulatory mechanism, the TGF-β proteome profiler array suggested elevated levels of the TGF-β pseudo-receptor BAMBI. Also, tissue expression of BAMBI was significantly increased not only in chronic wounds (10.6-fold) but also in acute wounds that had become chronic (9.5-fold). In summary, our data indicate a possible regulatory role of BAMBI in the development of chronic wounds. The available few in vivo studies support our findings by postulating a therapeutic potential of BAMBI for controlling scar formation