The role of crypto-currencies in the development of the global currency system

The world monetary system is in the process of transition to a new level of development under the influence of the process of financial globalization, economic integration, as well as the activation of electronic currencies turnover. In these conditions, it is necessary to understand the causes of the changes and their possible consequences. One of the possible options for the development of the world monetary system can be the use of crypto-currency as international money.peer-reviewe

Biosensors Using Free and Immobilized Cells of Luminous Bacteria

The technologies of receiving free and immobilized photobacteria cells for biomonitoring of toxins are considered. The mechanisms of interaction of toxins with photobacteria are observed. The main attention is paid to the immobilized procedures and structures of carriers. Data on poly(vinyl)alcohol (PVA) cryogel immobilization of different strains of photobacteria are presented. It is established that intensity and stability of light emission of PVA cells is competently controlled by: (1) intensity and persistence of a luminescent cycle using bacterial strain; (2) type of the carrier and the composition of the gel-formation medium; (3) freeze-thawing procedures; and (4) physical and chemical conditions of storage and application. The developed technology of cryogenic gel formation has kept the survival of luminous bacteria in the carrier practically at 100% without the introduction of additional cryoprotecting agents and procedures of a light induction. With storage at −80°C, bioluminescent activity remained without changes about 2 years. Using the immobilized preparations of biosensor, the discrete and continuous analysis of heavy metals, chlorophenols, and pesticides is carried out. The sensitivity of free and immobilized cells to the chosen toxicants is approximately identical. The continuous monitoring of toxicant conditions is optimized

Applying Principles of Multi-Factor Genetic Analysis of Infectious Disease Agents in the Work of the Rospotrebnadzor SAET during Mass Events

Objective of the study – to develop and test in operation of the Rospotrebnadzor Spesialized Anti-Epidemic Teams (SAET), deployed during the major mass events, the procedure for application of molecular-genetic methods for detection and identification of pathogenic biological agents. Materials and methods. Utilized are the reporting documentation drawn up by the results of work of the specialized anti-epidemic teams of the Rospotrebnadzor on the provision of sanitary epidemiological welfare during Olympic Games 2014 and other important mass events in Sochi in 2015–2017. Results and conclusions. Developed and tested in practice of the Rospotrebnadzor SAET during the major mass events has been procedure for application of molecular-genetic methods, based on structured approach (algorithm) of indication and genetic characterization of PBA. Equipping of the SAET with diagnostic preparations is carried out in accordance with the provision of preparedness for performing investigations by three-level algorithm of molecular-genetic characteristics of pathogens: level I – detection (indication) of a pathogen using PCR, level II – identification of the pathogen genome fragments using PCR, level III – genotyping. Developed procedure was used successfully by the SAET during the Olympic Games 2014 and other important mass events in Sochi in 2015–2017, which allows for recommending it for future use

Metabolic Transformations in the Area of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Russian Megalopolises: The City of Moscow Case

Received 15 June 2022. Accepted 23 December 2022. Published online 30 December 2022.Based on secondary data analysis and semi-structured expert interviews (n = 90), the study analyses metabolic transformations in the area of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Russian megalopolises using the city of Moscow as a case study. The findings suggest that the key node that triggered numerous interdependent processes involved the changes introduced in the legislation on MSW management and the decision to shut down several large MSW landfills without the simultaneous implementation of other landfills. These actions affected the health of the population and contributed to environmental inequality. The authors provide recommendations for the mitigation of risks associated with MSW generation, recycling, and storage in large Russian cities.The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under Grant No. 22-28-00392 “Waste production and disposal in the megalopolises of Russia: multisectoral and interdisciplinary analysis”

Hydrogen adsorption on Pd(133) surface

In this study used is an approach based on measurements of the total energy distribution (TED) of field emitted electrons in order to examine the properties of Pd (133) from the aspect of both hydrogen adsorption and surface hydrides formation. The most favourable sites offered to a hydrogen atom to be adsorbed have been indicated and an attempt to describe the peaks of the enhancement factor R spectrum to the specific adsorption sites has also been made.Comment: to be submitted to the Centr. Eur. J. Phy

Nuclear matrix element for two neutrino double beta decay from 136Xe

The nuclear matrix element for the two neutrino double beta decay (DBD) of 136Xe was evaluated by FSQP (Fermi Surface Quasi Particle model), where experimental GT strengths measured by the charge exchange reaction and those by the beta decay rates were used. The 2 neutrino DBD matrix element is given by the sum of products of the single beta matrix elements via low-lying (Fermi Surface) quasi-particle states in the intermediate nucleus. 136Xe is the semi-magic nucleus with the closed neutron-shell, and the beta + transitions are almost blocked. Thus the 2 neutrino DBD is much suppressed. The evaluated 2 neutrino DBD matrix element is consistent with the observed value.Comment: 7 pages 6 figure