KAJIAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA PEMALSUAN SERTIFIKAT HAK MILIK TANAH

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimankah bentuk-bentuk pemalsuan sertifikat tanah dan bagaimanakah pertanggungjawaban pidana pemalsuan sertifikat hak milik tanah yang mana dengan mertode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan: 1.  Berdasarkan Buku II KUHP Pasal 263 s/d 274 tentang Tindak Pidana Pemalsuan Surat terbagi menjadi tujuh bentuk pemalsuan surat. Dalam hal ini yang menjadi objeknya ialah sertifikat hak milik tanah yang dapat ditinjau dalam Peraturan Pemerintah nomor 24 tahun 1997 tentang Pendaftaran Tanah, Permen Agraria/Kepala BPN nomor 3 tahun 1997 dan standar prosedur pelayanan sesuai peraturan kepala BPN nomor 1/2010. Pemalsuan Sertifikat hak milik tanah seringkali menjadi masalah hukum bagi pihak-pihak atau oknum dari suatu lembaga yang tidak bertanggungjawab. 2. Dalam pertanggungjawaban pidana yang berkenaan dengan pemalsuan sertifikat hak milik tanah, pengaturan tindak pidana dalam KUHP didapati belum adanya ketegasan mengenai unsur-unsur pidana, lamanya pidana, dan bagaimana pertanggungjawaban pidana itu dikenakan pada subyek-subyek tertentu pelaku tindak pidana pemalsuan surat khususnya pada pejabat yang berwenang mengurus pembuatan sertipikat hak milik.Kata kunci: pemalsuan; sertifikat hak milik tanah

GBT Radio Monitoring of Magnetars

Magnetars are very exotic objects that are related to neutron stars and pulsars. A neutron star is formed when a massive star undergoes a supernova explosion. The super-dense core that is left after such an explosion is a neutron star. It is approximately 10 miles in diameter, yet weighs more than our Sun. We can observe some of those neutron stars as pulsars. Pulsars are highly magnetic, fast spinning neutron stars that emit beams of radio waves from their magnetic poles. Their high magnetic field and spin period are due to the conservation of magnetic flux and momentum during formation. Pulsar spin periods range from 1ms-8s and tend to slow down rapidly. That is another indication of a strong magnetic field, as magnetic braking causes the pulsar to spin-down rapidly. Magnetars are a type of a neutron star with extremely high magnetic fields of 1015-1014 G, which makes these stars the most magnetic objects known. These fields are thought to be generated by a dynamo action during the magnetar’s formation (Duncan and Thompson 1992). This is known as a magnetar model. The decay of the magnetic field creates powerful X-ray or gamma-ray emission. However, this magnetic field decays rather fast which makes the magnetar’s detectable lifespan short. Some of the known magnetars have poorly understood radio emission. Our group was motivated to better study the correlation between X-ray and radio activity of magnetars via a radio monitoring project. We are regularly observing eight magnetar sources that are visible with the 100-m Green Bank Telescope (GBT) located in Green Bank, WV. Our program is the first major effort to monitor these sources on a regular basis and complements other existing observing programs of southern objects at the Parkes radio telescope (Burgay et al. 2009; Camilo et al. 2009) as well as the high-energy monitoring projects with the Swift gamma-ray observatory and XMM X-ray observatory

Rapid cell extraction in aqueous two-phase microdroplet systems

Distinguishing specific cells is an essential technique in cell research and clinical diagnostics. We report a novel method to passively isolate and extract cells in a microfluidic device. We utilise a droplet-based microfluidic system to generate an aqueous two phase system in which aqueous droplets consist of two phases in the form of a double emulsion. Specifically, we generate PEG droplets that completely encapsulate DEX droplets within a microfluidic channel. Target cells can be introduced directly into the droplets and driven to partition to the more favourable phase, whilst still being contained within the aqueous droplet. Human T lymphoma cells, with diameters in the range of 10–15 μm, are chosen as a model cell line to demonstrate the partitioning

Rapid fragmentation during seeded lysozyme aggregation revealed at the single molecule level

Protein aggregation is associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The poorly understood pathogenic mechanism of amyloid diseases makes early stage diagnostics or therapeutic intervention a challenge. Seeded polymerization that reduces the duration of the lag phase and accelerates fibril growth is a widespread model to study amyloid formation. Seeding effects are hypothesized to be important in the "infectivity" of amyloids and are linked to the development of systemic amyloidosis in vivo. The exact mechanism of seeding is unclear yet critical to illuminating the propagation of amyloids. Here we report on the lateral and axial fragmentation of seed fibrils in the presence of lysozyme monomers at short time scales, followed by the generation of oligomers and growth of fibrils

Tuneable 2D self-assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles at liquid|liquid interfaces

Understanding the structure and assembly of nanoparticles at liquid|liquid interfaces is paramount to their integration into devices for sensing, catalysis, electronics and optics. However, many difficulties arise when attempting to resolve the structure of such interfacial assemblies. In this article we use a combination of X-ray diffraction and optical reflectance to determine the structural arrangement and plasmon coupling between 12.8 nm diameter gold nanoparticles assembled at a water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. The liquid|liquid interface provides a molecularly flat and defect-correcting platform for nanoparticles to self-assemble. The amount of nanoparticles assembling at the interface can be controlled via the concentration of electrolyte within either the aqueous or organic phase. At higher electrolyte concentration more nanoparticles can settle at the liquid|liquid interface resulting in a decrease in nanoparticle spacing as observed from X-ray diffraction experiments. The plasmonic coupling between the nanoparticles as they come closer together is observed by a red-shift in the optical reflectance spectra. The optical reflectance and the X-ray diffraction data are combined to introduce a new 'plasmon ruler'. This allows extraction of structural information from simple optical spectroscopy techniques, with important implications for understanding the structure of self-assembled nanoparticle films at liquid interfaces.</p

Fluorescence detection methods for microfluidic droplet platforms

The development of microfluidic platforms for performing chemistry and biology has in large part been driven by a range of potential benefits that accompany system miniaturisation. Advantages include the ability to efficiently process nano- to femoto- liter volumes of sample, facile integration of functional components, an intrinsic predisposition towards large-scale multiplexing, enhanced analytical throughput, improved control and reduced instrumental footprints.

A fully unsupervised compartment-on-demand platform for precise nanoliter assays of time-dependent steady-state enzyme kinetics and inhibition.

The ability to miniaturize biochemical assays in water-in-oil emulsion droplets allows a massive scale-down of reaction volumes, so that high-throughput experimentation can be performed more economically and more efficiently. Generating such droplets in compartment-on-demand (COD) platforms is the basis for rapid, automated screening of chemical and biological libraries with minimal volume consumption. Herein, we describe the implementation of such a COD platform to perform high precision nanoliter assays. The coupling of a COD platform to a droplet absorbance detection set-up results in a fully automated analytical system. Michaelis-Menten parameters of 4-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside hydrolysis by sweet almond β-glucosidase can be generated based on 24 time-courses taken at different substrate concentrations with a total volume consumption of only 1.4 μL. Importantly, kinetic parameters can be derived in a fully unsupervised manner within 20 min: droplet production (5 min), initial reading of the droplet sequence (5 min), and droplet fusion to initiate the reaction and read-out over time (10 min). Similarly, the inhibition of the enzymatic reaction by conduritol B epoxide and 1-deoxynojirimycin was measured, and Ki values were determined. In both cases, the kinetic parameters obtained in droplets were identical within error to values obtained in titer plates, despite a >10(4)-fold volume reduction, from micro- to nanoliters

Recent advances in single-cell subcellular sampling

Recent innovations in single-cell technologies have opened up exciting possibilities for profiling the omics of individual cells. Minimally invasive analysis tools that probe and remove the contents of living cells enable cells to remain in their standard microenvironment with little impact on their viability. This negates the requirement of lysing cells to access their contents, an advancement from previous single-cell manipulation methods. These novel methods have the potential to be used for dynamic studies on single cells, with many already providing high intracellular spatial resolution. In this article, we highlight key technological advances that aim to remove the contents of living cells for downstream analysis. Recent applications of these techniques are reviewed, along with their current limitations. We also propose recommendations for expanding the scope of these technologies to achieve comprehensive single-cell tracking in the future, anticipating the discovery of subcellular mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets and treatments, ultimately transforming the fields of spatial transcriptomics and personalised medicine