1,394 research outputs found

    Measuring instrument of carbon dioxide concentration in seawater

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    The Measuring instrument of carbon dioxide concentration in seawater (pCO(2)) is developed. The instrument consists of an equilibrator, a non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer (NDIR), a carrier gas generator and a processing signal generator. The equilibrator has a cross section of 3 c㎡ and is 15 cm tall. The principle of pCO(2) measurement is based on the equilibration of a carrier gas phase with a seawater sample and subsequent determination of the carbon dioxide concentration in the carrier gas. The carrier gas circuit of the NDIR is opened to the atmosphere to maintain the carrier gas line at a barometric pressure. The present instrument can measure pCO(2) within the measuring error of about 2 ppm with sample water of about 180ml every 20 min

    O desenvolvimento da avicultura no Brasil e as tendências para os próximos anos

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    Orientadora: Prof. Patricia Aparecida BasniakMonografia (especialização) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Curso de Especialização MBA em Gestão do AgronegócioInclui referênciasResumo : A avicultura é uma das atividades mais importantes do agronegócio brasileiro e tem trazido grandes resultados econômicos para as empresas e pessoas ligadas a esta atividade. O objetivo com o estudo foi realizar uma pesquisa sobre o histórico da avicultura no Brasil e mostrar o desenvolvimento ao longo das últimas décadas, desenvolvimento este, ligado principalmente aos sistemas de integração entre indústria e produtor. A carne de frango e os ovos, principais produtos da avicultura, são produtos de forte presença na mesa dos brasileiros e também estão ligados diretamente na produção de diversos outros produtos e alimentos consumidos no país. Para alcançar tais objetivos, foram utilizados dados do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, de Associações e empresas que atuam neste ramo e pesquisa bibliográfica. Os dados obtidos em conjunto com a pesquisa bibliográfica possibilitaram quantificar a importância da avicultura para o Brasil, assim como trazer pontos fortes e fracos da atividade. De maneira geral, pôde-se concluir que a avicultura brasileira é um caso de sucesso, com elevada presença no mercado interno e externo, é um gerador de empregos e de receita para o país, mas que terá de se adequar à nova realidade de custos mais elevados e de incertezas no cenário político e econômico do Brasil

    Potential habitat for chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in the Western Arctic based on a bioenergetics model coupled with a three-dimensional lower trophic ecosystem model

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    AbstractChum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) are predominantly located in the Bering Sea during summer and fall. However, several studies have recently reported a different tendency as follows. Observed densities of chum salmon were higher in the vicinity of the Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea than the eastern Bering Sea in September 2007, and Japanese chum salmon migrated to northern areas in the Bering Sea during summer 2009. The sea surface temperature (SST) in the Arctic marginal seas has increased since the mid-1960s, and especially since 2000. We speculated that the SST increase directly promoted salmon northing from the Bering Sea to the Western Arctic. In this study, we estimated the potential habitat for chum salmon in the Western Arctic using a bioenergetics model coupled with a three-dimensional lower trophic ecosystem model (3-D NEMURO). “Potential habitat” was defined as “an area where chum salmon could grow (i.e., the growth rate was positive)”. In the bioenergetics model, the growth rate of an individual chum salmon was calculated as a function of water temperature, salinity, and prey density, which were obtained from the 3-D NEMURO model results. To evaluate the habitat responses under a global warming scenario, we used the modeled monthly change of water temperature between 2005 (averaged from 2001 to 2010) and 2095 (averaged from 2091 to 2100) under the IPCC SRES-A1B scenario. Our calculations, following the global warming scenario, suggested that the potential habitat for chum salmon would expand to the north due to the increase in water temperature and prey density. In contrast, south of 71°N during summer, the potential habitat would shrink regionally because the water temperature exceeded the optimal condition

    A importância da educação cardiovascular em programas de prevenção primária: uma revisão abrangente e análise de eficácia

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    Introdução: Este artigo aborda a significativa carga global das doenças cardiovasculares, destacando a importância dos programas de prevenção primária na promoção da saúde cardiovascular. Focalizando especificamente na educação cardiovascular como componente essencial desses programas, o texto apresenta uma revisão abrangente e análise da eficácia dessas intervenções. Dividido em seções, o artigo explora os conceitos fundamentais das doenças cardiovasculares e prevenção primária, delineando os principais objetivos desses programas e ressaltando o papel crucial da educação. Além disso, são analisados diversos tipos de programas educativos existentes, com ênfase nas evidências de sua eficácia. A conclusão destaca a relevância da educação cardiovascular na prevenção primária e fornece recomendações para otimizar o impacto desses programas na saúde cardiovascular global. Objetivo: Este trabalho visa abordar uma lacuna crítica na literatura científica, proporcionando uma investigação meticulosa sobre a eficácia da educação cardiovascular em programas de prevenção primária de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). O escopo abrangente deste estudo concentra-se em objetivos específicos para aprofundar a compreensão da interseção entre educação, prevenção primária e resultados em saúde cardiovascular. Metodologia: Este estudo adotou uma abordagem metodológica baseada em revisão de literatura para analisar a eficácia da educação cardiovascular em programas de prevenção primária das doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). A busca sistemática em bases de dados científicas utilizou termos como "Fatores de risco cardiovascular" e "Prevenção primária de doenças cardiovasculares". A revisão, organizada em seções coerentes, incluiu a análise qualitativa de dados de estudos selecionados nos últimos 10 anos, considerando desenho do estudo, tamanho da amostra e métodos estatísticos. Os resultados foram sintetizados de forma lógica, derivando conclusões a partir da análise crítica da literatura revisada. Discussão e Resultados: O artigo aborda a definição e impacto das DCV, destacando a necessidade de estratégias preventivas eficazes. Os programas, como o Modelo de Prevenção e o SPICES (EBSP), são discutidos como exemplos de abordagens coordenadas para reduzir o risco cardiovascular. A seção sobre educação cardiovascular destaca o Programa de Saúde Cardíaca de Minnesota (MHHP), ilustrando como iniciativas educacionais abrangentes podem aumentar a conscientização e promover mudanças de comportamento. A análise dos programas comunitários de profissionais de saúde revela estratégias multifacetadas para melhorar os resultados de saúde pública. Evidências indicam que intervenções educativas são eficazes, aumentando o conhecimento do paciente e promovendo mudanças comportamentais. A análise da eficácia do programa considera critérios como adesão do paciente, implementação de intervenções e análise custo-eficácia. Concluindo, são feitas recomendações para aumentar o impacto dos programas de prevenção primária, destacando a importância da atividade física e estratégias inovadoras adaptadas às necessidades das populações-alvo. Conclusão: Esta revisão destaca a importância crucial da educação cardiovascular na prevenção primária de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). Enfatiza o papel eficaz dos programas centrados na melhoria da saúde cardiovascular, com ênfase em fatores de risco. Apesar dos avanços, a alta prevalência global de inatividade física destaca a necessidade de abordagens inovadoras. A avaliação custo-eficácia é vital. Estratégias baseadas em evidências são essenciais para promover estilos de vida saudáveis e reduzir o impacto das DCV

    Clinical application of a 3-dimensional morphometric apparatus for diagnosis and treatment of a Class III patient with facial asymmetry : A pilot study

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    This article demonstrated the usefulness of a non-contact 3-dimensional (3D) morphometric apparatus in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment evaluation. A female patient, 23 years 6 months of age, had a Class III malocclusion with mandibular deviation. The 3D images taken by a 3D morphometric apparatus figured out her protrusive chin of 6 mm on the deviation side compared to the non-deviation side, and showed a possibility of orthognathic surgery. Before starting of orthodontic treatment, a diagnostic splint was used for 2 months to determine her proper mandibular position. The 3D images retaken for quantitative evaluation showed decrease of the mandibular protrusion by approximately 3 mm, and improvement of facial asymmetry. Then, we decided to treat the patient without orthognathic surgery. After 18 months of active orthodontic treatment with miniscrew anchorage, the mandibular deviation was improved and an acceptable occlusion was achieved. The 3D images at posttreatment demonstrated significant decrease of chin protrusion on the deviation side, and improvement of facial asymmetry. In conclusion, a 3D morphometric apparatus could provide quantitative data of facial asymmetry and chin protrusion and contributed decision making process of treatment planning in a patient with facial asymmetry

    High-speed simulation of PCB emission and immunity with frequency-domain IC/LSI source models

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    Some recent results from research conducted in the EMC group at Okayama University are reviewed. A scheme for power-bus modeling with an analytical method is introduced. A linear macro-model for ICs/LSIs, called the LECCS model, has been developed for EMI and EMS simulation. This model has a very simple structure and is sufficiently accurate. Combining the LECCS model with analytical simulation techniques for power-bus resonance simulation provides a method for high-speed EMI simulation and decoupling evaluation related to PCB and LSI design. A useful explanation of the common-mode excitation mechanism, which utilizes the imbalance factor of a transmission line, is also presented. Some of the results were investigated by implementing prototypes of a high-speed EMI simulator, HISES. </p

    Establishment of a new rehabilitation program using masticatory training food for jaw deformity patients

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    Background/purpose: Patients with jaw deformities may show a reduction in masticatory function as a result of postoperative hypofunction. This study aimed to establish a novel rehabilitation program using a commercially available masticatory training food for patients with jaw deformities after orthognathic surgery. Materials and methods: Nine patients with mandibular prognathism (the training group: n = 5, and the non-training group: n = 4) and 6 control participants with normal occlusion were included in this study. For the rehabilitation program with masticatory exercise, patients were instructed to chew the training food once a day for 60 days starting from 10 days after the surgery. The effects of the rehabilitation program were assessed by determining the maximum bite force (MBF) and the masticatory performance (MP). Clinical assessments were performed just before orthognathic surgery (Pre) and at 10 days (T0), 1 month (T1), 2 months (T2), and 3 months (T3) after surgery. Results: Compared with the non-training group, the training group showed a trend toward greater recovery amount of MBF from Pre to T3, and a significantly greater recovery amount in MP (p < 0.05) from Pre to T3. When the time-series change of MP was evaluated in both groups from T0 to T3, a significant difference was observed in the interaction terms (p = 0.03). This result indicates that the effectiveness of the training may be demonstrated by following the postoperative course further. Conclusion: The rehabilitation using this training food may become a useful method for postoperative hypofunction in patients with jaw deformities

    Microwave Imaging Using CMOS Integrated Circuits with Rotating 4 × 4 Antenna Array on a Breast Phantom

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    A digital breast cancer detection system using 65 nm technology complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits with rotating 4 × 4 antenna array is presented. Gaussian monocycle pulses are generated by CMOS logic circuits and transmitted by a 4 × 4 matrix antenna array via two CMOS single-pole-eight-throw (SP8T) switching matrices. Radar signals are received and converted to digital signals by CMOS equivalent time sampling circuits. By rotating the 4 × 4 antenna array, the reference signal is obtained by averaging the waveforms from various positions to extract the breast phantom target response. A signal alignment algorithm is proposed to compensate the phase shift of the signals caused by the system jitter. After extracting the scattered signal from the target, a bandpass filter is applied to reduce the noise caused by imperfect subtraction between original and the reference signals. The confocal imaging algorithm for rotating antennas is utilized to reconstruct the breast image. A 1 cm3 bacon block as a cancer phantom target in a rubber substrate as a breast fat phantom can be detected with reduced artifacts
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