Production of Superoxide Anions by Keratinocytes Initiates P. acnes-Induced Inflammation of the Skin

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous follicles. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a gram-positive anareobic bacterium, plays a critical role in the development of these inflammatory lesions. This study aimed at determining whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by keratinocytes upon P. acnes infection, dissecting the mechanism of this production, and investigating how this phenomenon integrates in the general inflammatory response induced by P. acnes. In our hands, ROS, and especially superoxide anions (O2•−), were rapidly produced by keratinocytes upon stimulation by P. acnes surface proteins. In P. acnes-stimulated keratinocytes, O2•− was produced by NAD(P)H oxidase through activation of the scavenger receptor CD36. O2•− was dismuted by superoxide dismutase to form hydrogen peroxide which was further detoxified into water by the GSH/GPx system. In addition, P. acnes-induced O2•− abrogated P. acnes growth and was involved in keratinocyte lysis through the combination of O2•− with nitric oxide to form peroxynitrites. Finally, retinoic acid derivates, the most efficient anti-acneic drugs, prevent O2•− production, IL-8 release and keratinocyte apoptosis, suggesting the relevance of this pathway in humans

Reference values for erythrocyte and liver antioxidant systems in healthy male mice (Mus musculus)

WOS: 000168884800012The aim of the present study was to define the reference Values for erythrocyte and liver tissue glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and also reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in order to obtain basal data for subsequent toxicological investigations. In addition, the best storage conditions were determined for liver G6PDH enzyme. Male, apparently healthy Mus musculus (38) speciemens that had normal livers (histopathological data) were included in the study. G6PDH and GPX activities and GSH levels were measured by the Beutler method, and SOD aktivity was measured by the Fridovich method in the erythrocyte and liver tissues. GR activity in the erythrocyte was measured by the Beutler method, and GR activity in the liver was measured by the Staal method. The mean value (SD) of the levels of the enzymes and reduced glutathione in erythrocyte and liver tissues were as follows: G6PDH: 22.28 (3.53) U/g Hb, 2.38 (1.09) U/g liver; GPX: 134.88 (16.83) U/g Hb, 22.34 (4.70) U/g liver: GR:7.23 (1.58) U/g Hb, 2.47 (1.31) U/g liver; SOD: 4062.94 (929.41) U/g Hb, 553.71 (214.25) U/g liver; and GSH: 9.70 (1.64) mu mol/g Hb, 0.94 (0.22) mu mol/g liver. The best storage conditions for the liver the G6PDH enzyme were seven days at +4 degreesC, thirty days at -70 degreesC and thirty days at -20 degreesC

Vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Nilfer Sahin,1 Hatice Altun,2 Ergül Belge Kurutas,3 Damla Balkan1 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey; 2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey; 3Department of Biochemistry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Patients and methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 80 children including 40 ADHD patients (aged 6–12 years; 28 males and 12 females) and 40 age-, sex-, and season of blood collection-matched controls (aged 6–12 years; 25 males and 15 females) were enrolled. Serum vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels and calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were measured. The vitamin D receptor levels in the serum were measured using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Results: Serum vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels were found to be significantly lower in children with ADHD compared to healthy controls. No significant differences were found in serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels. No significant differences were found among the ADHD subtypes in terms of serum vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels. Conclusion: This study suggests that children with ADHD have lower levels of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor. According to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to describe vitamin D receptor levels in ADHD. Keywords: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, vitamin D, vitamin D recepto

The effect of zinc aspartate pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury and early changes of blood and tissue antioxidant enzyme activities after unilateral testicular torsion-detorsion

Background/Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of zinc aspartate (ZA) pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and blood and tissue antioxidant enzyme activity early after unilateral testicular torsion-detorsion (T/D)