Importance of hypertension in the formation of structural and functional changes in the brachiocephalic vessels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Aim. То study the effects of arterial hypertension (AH) on blood flow velocity indices and design parameters in brachiocephalic arteries of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials and methods. Examined 2 groups of RA patients: without hypertension — 34 people (I group) and AH - 31 persons (II group). In Group II more often had a 2 degree of hypertension. Laboratory studies included determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol (HDL) and low density (LDL). Doppler ultrasound of vessels - common, external and internal carotid, vertebral arteries in the extracranial segment was carried out in all RA patients on the unit «Diasonics Ultrasound» (USA). Results. In both groups there was no difference in the number of patients with elevated cholesterol. According to the ultrasound common carotid artery (CCA) in the area of bifurcation of the right side a significant thickening of the intima-media complex had patients of group II. In these patients, the presence of hypertension affects: decrease in diastolic blood flow velocity in the carotid artery on both sides; raising the index of resistive vessels in the internal and external carotid arteries; raising an index pulse in all the brachiocephalic vessels. Conclusions. The presence of hypertension in the examined RA patients affects the state of the vascular wall in the bifurcation of the right carotid artery and on indicators of the blood flow in all brachiocephalic vessels.Цель. Изучить влияние артериальной гипертонии (АГ) на скоростные показатели кровотока и расчётные параметры в брахиоцефальных артериях у больных ревматоидным артритом (РА). Материал и методы. Обследовано 2 группы больных РА- без АГ - 34 человек (I группа) и с АГ - 31 человек (II группа). У больных II группы чаще имелась 2 степень АГ. Лабораторные исследования включали определение содержание общего холестерина (ОХС), триглицеридов (ТГ), холестерина липопротеинов высокой (ХС ЛПВП) и низкой плотности (ХС ЛПНП). Ультразвуковая допплерография сосудов - общих, наружных и внутренних сонных, позвоночных артерий в экстракраниальном отделе проводилась у всех больных РА на аппарате «Diasonics Ultrasound» (118А).Результаты. В обеих группах не было различий по количеству больных, имеющих повышенное содержание холестерина в крови. По данным УЗИ общих сонных артерий (ОСА) в зоне бифуркации с правой стороны достоверное утолщение комплекса интима-медиа имели больные II группы. У этих больных наличие АГ влияло на: снижение диастолической скорости кровотока в ОСА с обеих сторон; повышение индекса резистивности сосуда во внутренних и наружных сонных артериях: повышение пульсового индекса во всех брахиоцефальных сосудах. Выводы. Наличие АГ у обследованных больных РА влияло на состояние сосудистой стенки в бифуркации правой ОСА, а также на показатели кровотока во всех БЦА

Нарушение метилирования ДНК при злокачественных новообразованиях

DNA methylation is a chromatin modification that plays an important role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Changes in DNA methylation patterns are characteristic of many malignant neoplasms. DNA methylation is occurred by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), while demethylation is mediated by TET family proteins. Mutations and changes in the expression profile of these enzymes lead to DNA hypo- and hypermethylation and have a strong impact on carcinogenesis. In this review, we considered the key aspects of the mechanisms of regulation of DNA methylation and demethylation, and also analyzed the role of DNA methyltransferases and TET family proteins in the pathogenesis of various malignant neoplasms.During the preparation of the review, we used the following biomedical literature information bases: Scopus (504), PubMed (553), Web of Science (1568), eLibrary (190). To obtain full-text documents, the electronic resources of PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Research Gate, CyberLeninka were used. To analyze the mutational profile of epigenetic regulatory enzymes, we used the cBioportal portal (https://www.cbioportal.org / ), data from The AACR Project GENIE Consortium (https://www.mycancergenome.org / ), COSMIC, Clinvar, and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).Метилирование ДНК представляет собой модификацию хроматина, которая играет важную роль в эпигенетической регуляции экспрессии генов. Изменение паттернов метилирования ДНК характерно для многих злокачественных новообразований. Метилирование ДНК осуществляется ДНК-метилтрансферазами (DNMTs), в то время как деметилирование происходит под действием метилцитозиновых диоксигеназ, или белков семейства TET. Мутации и изменение профиля экспрессии данных ферментов, приводящие к гипо- и гиперметилированию ДНК, могут оказывать сильное влияние на канцерогенез.В обзоре рассмотрены ключевые аспекты механизмов регуляции метилирования и деметилирования ДНК, а также проведен анализ роли ДНК-метилтрансфераз и белков семейства ТЕТ в патогенезе различных злокачественных новообразований.При подготовке обзора были использованы информационные базы биомедицинской литературы Scopus (504), PubMed (553), Web of Science (1568), eLibrary (190), для получения полнотекстовых документов – электронные ресурсы PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Research Gate, КиберЛенинка, для анализа мутационного профиля эпигенетических регуляторных ферментов – портал cBioportal (https://www.cbioportal.org / ), данные проекта The AACR Project GENIE Consortium (https://www.mycancergenome.org / ), базы данных COSMIC, Clinvar и Атласа генома рака (The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA)

РАННЯЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА АТЕРОСКЛЕРОЗА СОННЫХ АРТЕРИЙ У БОЛЬНЫХ РЕВМАТОИДНЫМ АРТРИТОМ

Aim — to estimate informing of different risk factors predisposing to development of carotid atherosclerosis and possibility of its prognostication in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Materials and methods. 100 patients with RA were examined. Age of patients was 53.4 ± 10.1 years. Clinical examination included conventional methods of research in rheumatology. Doppler ultrasound was carried of the brachiocephalic vessels.Results. The degree of severity of atherosclerotic changes in carotid arteries varied among different patients and more occurs in the elderly,with higher activity and severity of the process. Vascular lesions often are identified using instrumental methods than manifested clinically.Conclusion. Atherosclerosis of varying severity was observed in 80 % of RA patients. Changes in them do not depend on gender, duration of RA. There were a significant increase of the age, increased activity of the process and the index of severity.</p

Formation of the concept of self-education in the history of Russian and foreign pedagogy

© Sagitova et al. Purpose of the study: The problems of the self-education of the person, the organization of his/her self-directed activity have deep historical roots and considered to be one of those pedagogical problems that have remained relevant regardless of certain historical conditions, being the focus of researchers for almost a century and a half. The authors have analyzed the concept of self-directed learning in Russian and foreign pedagogy, introduced the formation of self-education in domestic and foreign pedagogical science and identified the essential characteristics of self-education in different historical periods. Methodology: Our study is based on the theoretical research method – the analysis of foreign and national philosophical, historical, pedagogical literature on a problem; analysis and generalization of modern pedagogical experience; the method of the unity of historical and logical consideration of pedagogical phenomena. Results: The historical retrospective of processes of formation of self-education presented in the context of social development shows that essential characteristics of self-education are caused by a set of historical, economic, political and social factors including the entire logic of development of education in general. The author defines the essence of self-education in the context of a new paradigm of development of education – Life-Long Learning. Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the Formation of the Concept of Self-Education in the History of Russian and Foreign Pedagogy is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Formation of the concept of self-education in the history of Russian and foreign pedagogy

© Sagitova et al. Purpose of the study: The problems of the self-education of the person, the organization of his/her self-directed activity have deep historical roots and considered to be one of those pedagogical problems that have remained relevant regardless of certain historical conditions, being the focus of researchers for almost a century and a half. The authors have analyzed the concept of self-directed learning in Russian and foreign pedagogy, introduced the formation of self-education in domestic and foreign pedagogical science and identified the essential characteristics of self-education in different historical periods. Methodology: Our study is based on the theoretical research method – the analysis of foreign and national philosophical, historical, pedagogical literature on a problem; analysis and generalization of modern pedagogical experience; the method of the unity of historical and logical consideration of pedagogical phenomena. Results: The historical retrospective of processes of formation of self-education presented in the context of social development shows that essential characteristics of self-education are caused by a set of historical, economic, political and social factors including the entire logic of development of education in general. The author defines the essence of self-education in the context of a new paradigm of development of education – Life-Long Learning. Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the Formation of the Concept of Self-Education in the History of Russian and Foreign Pedagogy is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Migrant women in the Republic of Tatarstan: Integration strategies and practices

© Frolova et al. Purpose: The relevance of the studied problem is due to the need for a comprehensive study of the adaptation of migrants to a foreign cultural environment in the regions of the Russian Federation. The aim of the article is to analyze the strategies and practices of the integration of migrant women in the Republic of Tatarstan for 2017-2018. Methodology: The leading approach to the study of this problem is the polyparadigmatic methodology. The article describes the economic status of migrant women, their linguistic competences and the level of language proficiency in the host population languages and religious practices. Result: It is concluded that migrant women have a fairly high level of intra-group cohesion and dependence on family and kinship ties. This, combined with a fixed low level of proficiency in the host population languages, makes it difficult for migrant women to integrate into the host community. The materials of the article can be useful for ethnologists, social and cultural anthropologists, political scientists, as well as representatives of bodies and structures responsible for interethnic interaction. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Migrant Women in the Republic of Tatarstan: integration strategies and practices are presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

State of health of children who are being the state children's establishments (according to the Astrakhan area)

On the basis of federal and regional normative documents Prophylactic medical examination of children concerning to a category children-orphans and children who have remained without care of parents is lead. The analysis of a state of health of children who are being 3 specialized Children's homes, on results of prophylactic medical examination 2007-2008 гг. is lead. It is established, that leading place illnesses of nervous system and borrow congenital anomalies. The basic diseases which have become by the reason of physical inability - illnesses of nervous system, congenital defects, mental frustration and frustration of behaviour