Sulla vocazione per la politica. Max Weber e le Politische Stimmungen di Karl Jaspers

Nel discorso politico di Max Weber è dato distinguere – ma non separare nettamente – il piano proprio della sociologia del potere, quello proprio degli scritti sulla politica tedesca dal 1890 al 1920 (destinati a "servire il momento") e quello proprio delle indagini per il cui tramite Weber elabora una lucida teoria della politica moderna. Su quale di questi tre livelli argomentativi è propriamente possibile sviluppare in maniera teoricamente proficua e storicamente fondata un confronto con le riflessioni politiche di Jaspers, che sia in grado di mettere in luce (nonostante "l'aria di famiglia") le differenze che intercorrono tra i due autori? Viene in quest'ottica in primo piano il tema della "vocazione per la politica" così come è determinata da Weber nella celebra conferenza sulla politica come Beruf (1919) e così come per converso si configura nell'inedito jaspersiano Politische Stimmungen (1917)

Intorno ad alcuni modi del caso in Darwin a partire dal Doktorarbeit di Wilhelm Windelband

ABSTRACT: ON SOME MODELS OF CHANCE IN DARWIN STARTING FROM WILHELM WINDELBAND’S DOKTORARBEIT. The incidence of the notion of chance in the evolutionary mechanism that Charles Darwin envisages in On the origin of species (1859) is one of the basic reasons why the father of the theory of evolution does not willingly use the term “evolution”. At the same time, this incidence also underlies the fact that many of those who, after the publication of Darwin's masterpiece, accepted the evolution of living things as a fact, were reluctant to recognize the core of “evolution” in the interaction between natural selection and the heritable intraspecific variations. However, it must be said that the notion of chance is, in general, anything but univocal. From this point of view, the essay aims to synthetically highlight the presence of some "modes" of chance, which interact with each other, in Darwin's «long argument». In order to reach this end, it will resort to the investigations into the "causal notion of chance" that the neo-Kantian philosopher Wilhelm Windelband develops in his doctoral dissertation, entitled Die Lehren vom Zufall and published in 1870

Immagine e immaginazione

Che cos’è un’immagine? E che rapporto ha con l’immaginazione? A queste domande rispondono i saggi raccolti nel volume, articolati secondo tre fondamentali linee interpretative: un approccio storico, che dà rilievo al rapporto tra immagine e immaginazione nella storia del pensiero; uno sguardo etico-politico, che mette al centro della riflessione il ruolo del binomio immagine-immaginazione nella scelta individuale o collettiva; e infine il punto di vista estetologico, che mostra la specificità della dimensione artistica, sia essa visuale o letteraria

Long Process Incus necrosis in Revision Stapedotomy: Retrospective Clinical Study

Objectives: We describe our experience with long process incus (LPI) necrosis in revision stapedotomy and discuss the different management methods proposed in the literature to identify surgical techniques that can lead to satisfactory results over time. Methods: Twenty-two stapedotomy revisions, in 21 patients with the necrosis of the long process of the incus, are performed from 1997 to 2017. In cases of erosion or minimal necrosis of LPI, a new prosthesis of the same type or an angled prosthesis was applied higher on the residual incus stump. In cases of partial necrosis of LPI, a Donaldson type ventilation tube reshaped and placed on the residual incus stump to stabilize prosthesis, or glass ionomer bone cement was used. In cases of subtotal necrosis of LPI, a cup piston prosthesis in polycel was applied on incus residual stump. Pre- and postoperative (≥1 year) pure tone audiometry was performed for all cases. Air conduction threshold, bone conduction (BC) threshold, and air-bone gap (ABG) were documented according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Committee of Hearing and Equilibrium guidelines. Results: At 1-year follow-up, postoperative ABG was reduced to ≤10 dB in 13 (59%) cases and ≤20 dB in 19 (86.4%) cases. The mean postoperative ABG significantly decreased in each group. There was no significant change in postoperative BC thresholds, and there were no cases with postoperative SNHL. Conclusion: Excellent functional results can also be achieved in cases of long incus process necrosis. The choice of technique should be considered according to the degree of necrosis. Piston replacement with the same type or angled type prosthesis, in cases of erosion or minimal LPI necrosis, and modified Donaldson type ventilation tube, in cases of partial LPI necrosis, provided excellent hearing results

Measurement of the muon decay spectrum with the ICARUS liquid Argon TPC

Examples are given which prove the ICARUS detector quality through relevant physics measurements. We study the muon decay energy spectrum from a sample of stopping muon events acquired during the test run of the ICARUS T600 detector. This detector allows the spatial reconstruction of the events with fine granularity, hence, the precise measurement of the range and dE/dx of the muon with high sampling rate. This information is used to compute the calibration factors needed for the full calorimetric reconstruction of the events. The Michel rho parameter is then measured by comparison of the experimental and Monte Carlo simulated muon decay spectra, obtaining rho = 0.72 +/- 0.06(stat.) +/- 0.08(syst.). The energy resolution for electrons below ~50 MeV is finally extracted from the simulated sample, obtaining (Emeas-Emc)/Emc = 11%/sqrt(E[MeV]) + 2%.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, LaTex, A4. Some text and 1 figure added. Final version as accepted for publication in The European Physical Journal

A study of the transverse fluctuations of hadronic showers in the NOMAD electromagnetic calorimeter

The transverse shower shape of the energy deposition of hadrons in the NOMAD lead glass calorimeter has been studied by exposing a prototype of this calorimeter to pion test beams of various momenta and incident angles. Large event to event fluctuations in the shower shape and significant energy depositions far from the incident hadron were observed making it difficult to associate all the deposited energy to the incident hadron that caused it. Since in the NOMAD detector the momenta of charged hadrons are measured by a magnetic spectrometer, such an association is necessary to be able to subtract from the calorimeter all the energy caused by the observed charged hadrons in order to avoid double counting. Probability functions based on the measurements have been developed to describe fluctuations of the lateral shower shape.\ Starting from these functions, an algorithm is developed for identifying the energy deposition associated to a charged hadron.\ The identification and separation of overlapping showers based on these functions is also discussed. The Monte Carlo simulation of the calorimeter reproduces the test beam data well therefore allowing the application of the algorithm at angles and momenta not studied in the test beam

The NOMAD experiment at the CERN SPS

The NOMAD experiment is a short base-line search for $\nu_{\mu}\rightarrow \nu_{\tau}$ oscillations in the CERN neutrino beam. The $\nu_{\tau}$'s are searched for through their charged-current interactions followed by the observation of the resulting $\tau^{-}$ through its electronic, muonic or hadronic decays. These decays are recognized using kinematical criteria necessitating the use of a light target which enables the reconstruction of individual particles produced in the neutrino interactions. This paper describes the various components of the NOMAD detector: the target and muon drift chambers, the electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters, the preshower and transition radiation detectors, and the veto and trigger scintillation counters. The beam and data acquisition system are also described. The quality of the reconstruction of individual particles is demonstrated through the ability of NOMAD to observe K$^0_{\rm s}$'s, $\Lambda^0$'s and $\pi^0$'s. Finally, the observation of $\tau^{-}$ through its electronic decay being one of the most promising channels in the search, the identification of electrons in NOMAD is discussed

Razionalismo, agire razionale e razionalizzazione in Max Weber: un possibile itinerario di ricerca

Nell’opera vastissima e poliedrica di Max Weber “ragione”, “razionalismo”, “razionalizzazione” si dicono davvero in molti modi. Ogni studioso serio di questo autore, ogni studioso cioè che sia davvero disposto ad impegnarsi nel difficile ma non eludibile “corpo a corpo” con il dettato weberiano, sa bene che, quando si incontrano i suddetti termini e i loro derivati, occorre anzitutto chiedersi in che senso essi vengano adoperati nell’ambito specifico del contesto argomentativo entro il quale li si incontra. Il saggio tratta in linea generale del problema ed espone poi le primissime stazioni di un più ampio itinerario di ricerca incentrato sull'esame, in questa prospettiva, del complicato tessuto argomentativo di "Religiöse Gemeinschaften", un testo del Nachlaß weberiano che è fra i più ricchi e importanti di quelli appartenenti alla fase di stesura prebellica di "Economia e società"

TIPI IDEALI, STORICISMO COME WELTANSCHAUUNG E ALTRO ANCORA: INTORNO A QUATTRO LETTERE DI MAX WEBER A HEINRICH RICKERT

TIPI IDEALI, STORICISMO COME WELTANSCHAUUNG E ALTRO ANCORA: INTORNO A QUATTRO LETTERE DI MAX WEBER A HEINRICH RICKERT. Il saggio presenta i nuclei tematici principali di quattro lettere scritte da Max Weber a Heinrich Rickert tra il giugno del 1904 e il maggio del 1905 e pone in modo particolare l’accento sulle questioni scientifiche che esse affrontano: la nozione di tipo ideale, la critica allo Historismus come Weltanschauung, il concetto di connessione causale individuale o storica, la nozione di scienze sistematiche della cultura. La disamina del contenuto delle lettere e la sua attenta contestualizzazione confermano ulteriormente uno dei tratti più caratteristici dell’intenso scambio intellettuale intercorso fra Weber e Rickert, scambio nel quale il grado massimo di convergenza delle argomentazioni particolari coincide spesso con il grado massimo di divergenze delle scelte teoriche di fondo