КЛІНІЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ НЕФРОТЕКТА У ГЕМОДІАЛІЗНИХ ПАЦІЄНТІВ

Пациенты на гемодиализе составляют большую группу, которая получает искусственное питание. Нутриционная программа для этих пациентов рассматривает не только метаболические нарушения, связанные с почечной недостаточностью и сопутствующими осложнениями, а и нарушения нутриционного баланса, обусловленные процедурой гемодиализа

Blood fluidity during physical exertion of various types

This paper presents data from the literature and own results on the study of blood fluidity (or rheological properties) when performing physical exercises. It is shown that the rheology of blood depends on the functional state of the haemostasis system. It has been established that in the physiological state of the organism, physical exertion of any strength can lead to changes in the reactions of primary and plasma haemostasis and, accordingly, the rheological properties of blood. The review describes the study of factors related to blood flow in humans and animals before and after physical exercise (running, swimming, etc.) in the normal physiological state of the organism, with overstrain and with certain types of pathology (cardiovascular and metabolic diseases). Data on blood flow in conditions of physical activity restriction are presented. Special attention is paid to the corrective role of physical exercises on the rheology (fluidity) of blood in violation of homeostasis of the organism. Possible mechanisms of action of physical exertion on blood flow are considered

ROLE OF LECTIN-SUBSTRANCE RECOGNITION IN IMMUNOREGULATORY INTERACTION BETWEEN INTERLEUKIN-2 IGG

As assessed by decreased response of ConA-induced blasts to IL-2, a staphylococcal protein A was shown to extract IL-2 from cultural medium after its preincubation with IgG, but it did not bind pure IL-2. Normal human immunoglobulin inhibits reaction of DTH effectors to Listeria antigen, which is also IL-2-dependent. An immunomodulating drug Phosprenyl (sodium polyprenylphosphate) abolishes the inhibitory ffect of immunoglobulin. Since Phosprenyl (as shown earlier) interacts with alpha-chain of rIL-2 and blocks IL-2 activity, the two drugs are in competitive relations. The latter may be explained by identities in prostetic carbohydrate groups of the both glycoproteins (CD25 and immunoglobulin), whereas Phosprenyl and IL-2 would behave like as lectins. These results characterize local conditions and mechanisms of immune regulation under tissue domination of gamma-globulin or antibodies of a given isotype. IgG binds with IL-2, reacting not with an active center but with effector region of IgG molecule, thus blocking IL-2 activity. Since a similar effect is observed under in vivo conditions (in a DTH model), the phenomenon revealed may explein inhibition of immune response after passive injection of antibodies, as well as a feed-back relationship between humoral and cellular immunity. Inhibition of IL-2 biological activity after its interaction with IgG and immune complexes may be considered as a universal mechanism of immune regulation performed by a feedback regulation, which may be influenced by means of Phosprenyl-like immunomodulators. In some infections, malignant growth etc., such mechanism may be of utmost pathogenetic significance. Moreover, such a mechanism cannot be also excluded in some physiological immunogenetic interactions, e.g., in feto-maternal system, where it could promote a positive selection for individuals with broader MHC repertoire, which would be necessary for development of individual and population-based resistance to infection

Early arthritis in children and adolescents — immune status of patients and perspectives of treatment

Objective. To study state of immune status in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) at early stages of the disease development and perspectives of their treatment. Materials and methods. 286 children and adolescents with olygo- and polyarticular variants of JIA aged 3 to 18 years were included. Examination of CD4, CD8, CD16, CD95 lymphocyte markers, IgA, IgG, IgM rheumatoid factor, interleukin 1(3, 4, 6, 8, 10, tumor necrosis factor a as well as lymphocyte morphometry was performed. Results. High blood levels of CD4, CD8, CD 16, CD95, pro- and anti- inflammatory interleukins were revealed at active stage of JIA particularly in pts with polyarthritis and extended olygoarthritis. Changes of mean lymphocyte morphometric measures linearly inversely correlated with relative lymphocyte markers level what proves relationship of processes of proliferation, cytotoxicity and elevation of circulating apoptotic cell count in blood. However increase of “programmed death cells" may reflect not only proliferation but also capability of cells to induce cell death program in presence of provocative factors. In pts with very high humoral level of lymphocyte markers and cytokines appropriate therapy more often induces clinico-laboratory remission than in pts with lower values. Conclusion. Immune and cytokine status in children and adolescents with JIA determines evolution of arthritis. Early administration of disease modifying drugs more often induces of clinico-laboratory remission in pts with high levels of lymphocyte markers and antiinflammatory cytokines

Variants of intensification of immunosuppressive therapy of rheumatoid arthritis

Objective. To assess influence of different treatment intensification regimens on clinico- laboratory parameters of activity and quality of life of pts with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Material and methods. 40 RA pts of group 1 received pulse-therapy with methotrexate (MT) and dexamethasone (DM), 20ptsofgroup 2 received pulse-therapy with methylprednisolone (MP) and cyclophosphane (CP). After that all pts continued treatment with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. Pts were examined at baseline, 1 and 6 months after completion of therapy intensification cycle. Results. At 1 month tender and swollen joint counts decrease in group 1 was more prominent than in group 2. After 6 months significant decrease of all disease activity measures was maintained in group 1 but not in pts received CP and MP. Conclusion. Pulse therapy with MT and DM provided more prolonged decrease of RA clinico-laboratory activity than treatment with MP and CP. Group 1 pts also showed significant increase of quality of life. None method of intensive treatment caused severe adverse events

Pharmacology complex compound of pro-gly-pro-leu with heparin: hypoglycemic, fibrinolitic and anticoagulant effects in rats with hyperglycemia

Previously it was shown that the use of regulatory peptides of the glyprolin family helps to normalize the hemostasis system and blood glucose levels in experimental resistant hyperglycemia in rats, similar to type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. It is also known that the anticoagulant heparin inhibits blood coagulation and exhibits a hypoglycemic effect in the body.The aim of the study is to obtain a complex of the Pro-Gly-Pro-Leu (PGPL) peptide and the unfractionated heparin, to study its effect on glucose and anticoagulant fibrinolytic properties and show its ability to restore the impaired functions of the insular and coagulating blood systems in experimental hyperglycemia in rats.Materials and Methods. Laboratory Wistar male rats, intact and with experimentally induced hyperglycemia, were used in the experiment. A complex compound of PGPL and heparin was created with a component ratio of 1:1 (mol/mol), which was administered intranasally to hyperglycemic rats once a day for 5 days at the dose of 1 mg/kg. Similarly, the constituent parts of the complex were administrated in equivalent amounts. The anticoagulant activity was determined by the test of activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinolysis parameters - by tests of total, enzymatic and non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activities, as well as the activity of a tissue plasminogen activator. In addition, blood glucose was measured using special test strips. Results. The use of the PGPL-heparin complex in the animals with hyperglycemia led to normalization of blood glucose levels, an increase in the anticoagulant and fibrinolytic background of blood plasma. These effects persisted for 6 days after the cancellation of the peptide-heparin complex administration to rat.Conclusion. In the development of experimental hyperglycemia, the PGPL complex with heparin exhibits a combined hypo-glycemic, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic enzymatic and non-enzymatic nature of the effect. In the future, the studied peptide-heparin complex can be used for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, complicated by increased blood coagulation