Проблемы и перспективы промышленного синтеза 2-аминоэтансульфоновой кислоты (таурина)

The technology of obtaining high-purity taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) was investigated for the purpose of applying the technology on an industrial scale.Исследована технология получения высокочистого таурина (2-аминоэтансульфоновой кислоты) с целью применения ее в промышленных масштабах

Разработка блочно-модульного способа получения монометинцианинов

A block-modular synthesis of thiamonomethine dyes – effective photosensitizers – was explored. For the first time the method of differential scanning calorimetry was applied to determine the thermophysical characteristics of monomethinecyanine dyes.Предложен блочно-модульный синтез тиамонометинцианинов – эффективных фотосенси-билизаторов. Впервые для этих соединений применен метод дифференциально-сканирующей калориметрии (ДСК) для определения теплофизических характеристик моно-метинцианиновых красителей

Разработка нового способа получения фотографического желатина

A new technology of preparation of photographic gelatin was developed on the basis of an accessible homogeneous raw material containing a collagen. Photographic properties of the obtained gelatin were tested.Разработана новая технология получения фотографического желатина на основе доступного однородного коллагенсодержащего сырья. Проверены фотографические свойства полученного желатина

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ СИНТЕЗА 2'- О-α- D-РИБОФУРАНОЗИЛАДЕНОЗИНА ПО МЕТОДУ СИМПЛЕКСНОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ

Disaccharide nucleosides belong to an important group of natural compounds found in t-RNA and poly(ADPribose). They are also key elements in the structure of antibiotics and other physiologically active compounds. Poly(ADP-ribosylation) is a posttranslational modification of proteins in eukariotic cells catalyzed by poly(ADPribose)-polymerazes. The importance of poly(ADP-ribose) has been established in many cellular processes such as DNA replication, recombination and repair and cellular differentiation. The development of the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) and it’s components is still a challenging problem. The synthesis of 2'-O-α-D-ribofuranosyladenosine, a monomeric unit of poly(ADP-ribose) reported earlier has been improved. An important step on this way is the formation of a 2'-O-glycosidic bond between the adenosine and carbohydrate moieties. A new strategy involving glycosylation of 3',5'-O-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)adenosine has been suggested. Varying of the catalyst (SnCl4), nucleoside and carbohydrate relations by the simplex method allowed improving the yields in the glycosylation step from 35 to 64%. As a result, it made possible to reach a higher overall yield of 2'-O-α-D-ribofuranosyladenosine in comparison with the literature data.С помощью метода симплексного планирования оптимизирован синтез 2'-O-α-D-рибофура-нозиладенозина - мономерного звена поли(АDP-рибозы). Подбор оптимальных соотношений катализатора (SnCl4), нуклеозида и углеводной компоненты позволил повысить выходы на стадии гликозилирования с 35 до 64%

Estimation of the elastic modulus and the work of adhesion of soft materials using the extended Borodich–Galanov (BG) method and depth sensing indentation

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd The depth-sensing indentation (DSI) is currently one of the main experimental techniques for studying elastic properties of materials of small volumes. Usually DSI tests are performed using sharp pyramidal indenters and the load-displacement curves obtained are used for estimations of elastic moduli of materials, while the curve analysis for these estimations is based on the assumptions of the Hertz contact theory of non-adhesive contact. The Borodich–Galanov (BG) method provides an alternative methodology for estimations of the elastic moduli along with estimations of the work of adhesion of the contacting pair in a single experiment using the experimental DSI data for spherical indenters. The method assumes fitting the experimental points of the load-displacement curves using a dimensionless expression of an appropriate theory of adhesive contact. Earlier numerical simulations showed that the BG method was robust. Here first the original BG method is modified and then its accuracy in the estimation of the reduced elastic modulus is directly tested by comparison with the results of conventional tensile tests. The method modification is twofold: (i) a two-stage fitting of the theoretical DSI dependency to the experimental data is used and (ii) a new objective functional is introduced which minimizes the squared norm of difference between the theoretical curve and the one used in preliminary data fitting. The direct experimental validation of accuracy and robustness of the BG method has two independent steps. First the material properties of polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) are determined from a DSI data by means of the modified BG method; and then the obtained results for the reduced elastic modulus are compared with the results of tensile tests on dumbbell specimens made of the same charge of PVS. Comparison of the results of the two experiments showed that the absolute minimum in relative difference between individual identified values of the reduced elastic modulus in the two experiments was 3.80%; the absolute maximum of the same quantity was 27.38%; the relative difference in averaged values of the reduced elastic modulus varied in the range 16.20.. 17.09% depending on particular settings used during preliminary fitting. Hence, the comparison of the results shows that the experimental values of the elastic modulus obtained by the tensile tests are in good agreement with the results of the extended BG method. Our analysis shows that unaccounted factors and phenomena tend to decrease the difference in the results of the two experiments. Thus, the robustness and accuracy of the proposed extension of the BG method has been directly validated

Построение функционально-технологической модели производства препарата «марены красильной экстракт сухой»

We provide a formal description of “ехtrасtum rubiae tinctоrum siccum” production by means of functional modeling. The result of such description is a functional-technological mode that is a graphical representation of technological, decision making and quality test processes. The model is provided by IDEF0 functional modeling notation. We describe inputs, outputs, mechanisms and controls for all the processes focusing on the modeling of feedbacks that describe reagent recycling. The model should assist in system analysis of the herbal medicinal products manufacturing. It is the first step of the informational support of the manufacturing process.Разработана функционально-технологическая модель производства препарата «Марены красильной экстракт сухой», представляющая собой формализованное описание технологических процессов, процедур контроля качества и управления

Определение оптимальных условий экстракции фурокумаринов из плодов амми большой

Extracting time and the multiplicity of extraction of furocoumarins from the fruits of Ammi majus were determined on the basis of experimental data, with the use of method of natural scales. The found conditions enable reducing the technological process time and labor, also reducing the consumption of the extraction agent.На основании экспериментальных данных, с использованием метода натуральных масштабов, определены экстрагент, время и кратность экстракции фурокумаринов из плодов амми большой. Подобранные условия позволяют сократить время технологического процесса, снизить расход экстрагента и трудозатраты

Sensitivity of Different Animal Species to Monkeypox Virus

Studied is the sensitivity of different animal species (white mice, rabbits, mini-pigs, and marmots) to Monkeypox virus (MPXV). Determined is the fact that MPXV-sensitive are groundhogs (ID50 and LD50 5 lg of PFU in case of intranasal inoculation). The most pronounced clinical signs of the disease such as varioliform eruption all over body and mucous linings, purulent discharges out of nasal cavity, lymphadenitis, loss of coordination, tremor of extremities, fever, hyper-aggressiveness, disheveled hair have been registered in groundhogs. The highest viral loads in the majority of fallen marmots have been observed in nasal mucosa, trachea, lungs, and pock-marked skin (>6,0 lg PFU/g). The symptomatology of the disease in mice as compared to groundhogs is a bit milder: purulent conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and disheveled hair. As for mini-pigs and rabbits, no visual signs of the disease have been observed in them

Mice as Animal Model for Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Preparations against Monkeypox

of MPV after 7 days postinfection, applying peroral administration once within 24 hours (24 hours before infection and 7 days after infection of mouse with 60 µg/g of a preparation). Displayed is the feasibility of using 8–15-days-old ICR mice (body weight 9–11 g) as an animal model for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of the preparations under development against Monkeypox and smallpox

Approaches to Reduce Adverse Effect of Vaccinia Virus in Orally Immunized Mice

Objective of the investigation was to model the adverse action of vaccinia virus (VV), caused by oral immunization of mice and to evaluate efficacy of its reduction, using therapeutic and prophylactic drugs. Materials and methods. Virological and immunological research methods were used. Results and conclusions. Reproduced was pathological action of VV in the orally infected mice. The ability to reduce the side effect and protect mice from lethal infection was demonstrated by such preparations as Metisazon, Likopid, and NIOCH-14 orally administered in the investigated schemes. Moreover preliminary single oral immunization with TEOVak smallpox vaccine before oral infection with Neurovaccine-92 strain of VV also lowered pathogenic effect and protected mice against death. All the investigated schemes of drug administration did not affect the immune response if used alongside with TEOVak smallpox vaccine and can be deployed to develop safe schemes of primary oral vaccination against smallpox. In addition, such drugs as Ribomunil, Immudon, Ingavirin can be used as means to enhance the immune response to smallpox vaccines