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A Discourse Analysis of Pilgrimage Reviews
This paper is the first to provide an account of the discursive features of online consumer reviews of pilgrimage sites. Drawing from pilgrimage studies and narrativity theory in consumer research, we explore how consumers communicate the spiritual and material aspects of pilgrimage experiences by examining a corpus of 833 consumer reviews on TripAdvisor of the most sacred pilgrimage sites of the world’s major five faith groups. Pilgrims include analytical discursive features to communicate the material aspect of their consumption experience. They reserve narration for spiritual transformation and the experience of strong emotions. Moreover, review ratings are only reflective of the spiritual aspect of their consumption experience. As such, our research complements previous studies by highlighting the material, physical aspect of this extraordinary consumption experience
The halal paradox: negotiating identity, religious values, and genetically engineered food in Turkey
Ethical consumption and new business models in the food industry. Evidence from the Eataly case
Individual and collective ethical stances regarding ethical consumption and related outcomes are usually seen as both a form of concern about extant market offerings and as opportunities to develop new offerings. In this sense, demand and supply are traditionally portrayed as interacting dialectically on the basis of extant business
models. In general, this perspective implicitly assumes the juxtaposition of demand side ethical stances and supply
side corporate initiatives. The Eataly story describes, however, a different approach to market transformation; in
this case a company and a social movement (Slow Food) have negotiated and collaborated prior to initiating a new
business model. This collaboration process and its outcomes are described, focusing specifically on ordinary
Eataly customers\u2019 and Slow Food members\u2019 reactions. Given that Eataly can be regarded as a case of mainstreaming,
ordinary customers seem satisfied with the new offering and the Slow Food support for the initiative; the
more purist members of the Slow Food movement had critical concerns, however, as happened in similar conditions,
according to literature, with regard to Fair Trade. The Slow Food endorsement of the new venture has also been observed from the attitude\u2013behaviour gap perspective, as it contributed to addressing the factors affecting the gap between attitudes and actual behaviours. Extensive qualitative data were collected and analysed over a 3-year
period. The main study implications refer to the ways in which companies and social movements could interact to
co-design new business models, as well as outlining consumers\u2019attitudes and behaviours towards such new offerings