Industrial Wastes and Economics of their Utilization

The contribution deals with the utilization of industrial wastes, especially from mining and metallurgical enterprises. The wastes are being processed into the form of hydraulic non-washable stowing which can be deposited in the closed underground mines. The economic aspects of this activity which compete with depositing of non-processed industrial wastes on surface stockyards are considered here

SIM Regional Supplementary Comparison : SIM.L-S6. Calibration of gauge blocks by mechanical comparison

This supplementary comparison concerns the calibration of gauge blocks by mechanical comparison, which is a technique of paramount importance as it is at the highest level in the traceability chain of length for most countries of the American Continent. This comparison is designed to support the submitted CMC claims of these countries. The measurand is the central length of several gauge blocks as defined in ISO 3650 and the circulated gauge blocks were used for two comparisons carried out in two stages: the first stage, SIM.L-K1:2007, Calibration of gauge blocks by optical interferometry (2007–2010); the gauge blocks were also measured by mechanical comparison for those NMI also participating in SIM.L-S6:2007; the second stage, SIM.L-S6:2007, Calibration of gauge blocks by mechanical comparison (2010–2011) for the participants that measured only by mechanical comparison. In this second comparison there were 16 participants, 14 from the Americas, and 2 invited NMIs from other regions. The circulation in the second stage had 10 participants.Fil: Viliesid, Miguel. Centro Nacional de Metrología (CENAM); MéxicoFil: Colín Castellanos, Carlos. Centro Nacional de Metrología (CENAM); MéxicoFil: Chávez, T. Centro Nacional de Metrología (CENAM); MéxicoFil: Chaudhary, K. P. National Physical Laboratory (NPL); IndiaFil: Dvořáček, Frantisek. Czech Metrology Institute (CMI); República ChecaFil: Stoup, John. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Estados UnidosFil: Santos Barros, Wellington. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: Vaudagna, Leandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); ArgentinaFil: Morales, Roberto. Laboratorio Nacional de Longitud (DICTUC); ChileFil: Acquarone, Alejandro. Laboratorio Tecnológico del Uruguay (LATU); UruguayFil: Carrasco, J. Servicio Nacional de Metrología (INDECOPI); PerúFil: Vega, M. Instituto Boliviano de Metrología (IBMetro); BoliviaFil: Salazar, M. Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización (INEN); EcuadorFil: Gil, V. Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio (SIC); ColombiaFil: Dimas, J. Centro Nacional de Metrología de Panamá (CENAMEP); PanamáFil: Reyes, E. Laboratorio Costarricense de Metrología (LACOMET); Costa RicaFil: Hamilton, F. Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards (TTBS); Trinidad y TobagoFil: Reddock, T. Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards (TTBS); Trinidad y TobagoFil: Durga, S. Bureau of Standards Jamaica (BSJ); JamaicaFil: Burton, T. Bureau of Standards Jamaica (BSJ); Jamaic

Global bundle adjustment with variable orientation point distance for precise mars express orbit reconstruction

The photogrammetric bundle adjustment of line scanner image data requires a precise description of the time-dependent image orientation. For this task exterior orientation parameters of discrete points are used to model position and viewing direction of a camera trajectory via polynomials. This paper investigates the influence of the distance between these orientation points on the quality of trajectory modeling. A new method adapts the distance along the trajectory to the available image information. Compared to a constant distance as used previously, a better reconstruction of the exterior orientation is possible, especially when image quality changes within a strip. In our research we use image strips of the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC), taken to map the Martian surface. Several experiments on the global image data set have been carried out to investigate how the bundle adjustment improves the image orientation, if the new method is employed. For evaluation the forward intersection errors of 3D points derived from HRSC images, as well as their remaining height differences to the MOLA DTM are used. In 13.5 % (515 of 3,828) of the image strips, taken during this ongoing mission over the last 12 years, high frequency image distortions were found. Bundle adjustment with a constant orientation point distance was able to reconstruct the orbit in 239 (46.4 %) cases. A variable orientation point distance increased this number to 507 (98.6 %).German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi)German Aerospace Center (DLR)/50 QM 130

Problematika hospodářského výsledku hlubinných uhelných dolů Ukrajiny

This paper focuses on looking for factors that influence the income of deep coal mining operations in Ukraine. The method of discriminate analysis was employed for assessing economic success of the operations. It could be concluded that mining-geological conditions are the most significant cause of influence; the human factor is of lesser importance.Příspěvek se zabývá hledáním faktorů, které ovlivňují dosažení kladného nebo záporného hospodářského výsledku hlubinných uhelných dolů Ukrajiny. Je použitá metoda diskriminační analýzy. Dochází se k závěru, že nejvýznamnější příčinou jsou důlně-geologické podmínky, v menší míře pak vliv lidského činitele

Nutrient Digestibility of Wheat in Rats and Chickens Depending on the Rye 1B/1R Translocation of Wheat Varieties

A major part of wheat production is channelized towards animal feed. In the present experiment, we first aimed to determine the relationship of the crude protein (CP) content and the individual fractions (albumin + globulin, gliadin, glutenin) of wheat varieties (with or without the rye translocation 1B/1R) with the digestibility, feed intake, feed conversion, and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the feed in ROSS 308 chicken broilers. Secondly, we determined the CP content, biological value, net protein utilization, and effect of various fibre components of the same wheat lines in Wistar rats. Seven out of sixteen wheat varieties studied herein included the 1B/1R translocation. Nutritional values were evaluated by the Weende analysis using the Kjeldahl and the Henneberg–Stohmann methods. Moreover, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre contents, CP digestibility and PER were determined. In broiler chickens, no statistically significant differences were found. In rats, however, the presence of 1B/1R significantly increased the CP content, affecting the nutritional value. This should be considered prior to the indiscriminate use of otherwise undesirable wheat varieties as animal feed

Changes in Microstructure of Air Plasma Sprayed M-CrAlY Coatings After Short Thermal Exposure in Argon Atmosphere

Conventional air plasma spray technique and two powders, NiCrAlY and CoNiCrAlY, were used to produce the M-CrAlY type of coating on the Inconel 713LC substrate. Two phase coatings, consisting of Ni and/or Co solid solution and NiAl intermetallic phase, were produced. A certain amount of imperfectly melted powder particles, voids and aluminium oxide was also present. After air plasma spraying the coatings were annealed at widely ranging temperatures (650, 800, 1000 and 1150°C) for two hours in argon-flow atmosphere. It was found that the temperature significantly affects the microstructure of resulting coatings. The oxide scale was formed by internal oxidation in a coating region primarily at higher temperatures. In this case, aluminium was depleted from the NiAl phase within the coating region and the Ni, Co, Cr solid solutions and the aluminium oxide started to form rapidly. No interaction was observed after the short thermal exposure below the substrate surface. The microstructure of coatings was recorded by scanning electron microscope. Coating thickness, amount of voids and oxide scale were measured by means of image analysis. The concentration of phases was estimated by energy dispersive microanalysis