POTENTIAL AND POSSIBILITIES OF REBO – NEW GRAPEVINE VARIETY (Vitis vinifera L.) IN GROWING CONDITIONS IN REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

Rebo (Rigotti 107-3) is a vine variety that originates from Trentino, north Italy. It was selected by the researcher Rebo Rigotti by crossing the varieties Merlot x Terlodego at the agriculture and forest experimental station in S. Michele all’ Adige. According to the literature the idea of the breeder was to produce new variety that would be similar to Merlot but more resistant to cold climate conditions. Our idea to plant Rebo in Macedonia was to grow this variety on sites with higher altitude locations that are difficult for growing Merlot. The vineyard for this study is located in the north part of Macedonia on the mountain German near the town of Kriva Palanka, area typical for growing frost resistant varieties. In this research paper we analyzed the mechanical structure of the grape cluster and berries, the quantity of sugar and titratable acids in the grapes. In the wine we analyzed the quantity of total phenols, total anthocyanins, wine colour (CI;H), total flavan-3-ols and standard chemical analysis of the wine

INVESTIGATION OF ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L.) VARIETIES

Investigation of organoleptic characteristics and determination of some biochemical compounds content in the fruit of eight traditional pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) varieties and types: Lifanka, Bejnarija, Karamustafa, Ropkavac, Valandovska kisela, Lifanka clone, Zumnarija and Hicaz, from Valandovo area (North Macedonia), was performed. Fruit from Valandovska kisela and Hicaz varieties are characterized with the lowest value of pH and also with highest content of citric acid. The content of fructose sugar prevails over the content of glucose in 1,1 ratio. Anthocyans are the most common in fruits from Hicaz variety. The Valandovska kisela variety has the highest content of phenols. The fruits from Ropkavac and Zumnarija varieties have the highest content of flavan-3-ols which give them a characteristic flavor. According to organoleptic evaluation of external fruit appearance, the best ranked is the Karamustafa variety. According to the internal characteristics, i.e. the fruit aril, again stood out as the best the Karamustafa variety, by all parameters. The respondents are pointed out also Ropkavac and Bejnarija varieties in evaluation of aril flavor and aroma, such as very good varieties, especially by the aril juiciness. According to all organoleptic (external and internal) characteristics, the highest ranked is Karamustafa variety which is recommended as a perspective variety of pomegranate for spreading in R North Macedonia

The effects of the summer pruning operations on the winter buds productivity of CV. Vranec (Vitis vinifera L.)

The study presents the analysis of the influence of summer pruning operations (defoliation, cluster thinning) on the parameters of a potential productivity of winter buds at the vine variety Vranec grown near Veles in the period 2013-2015. For this research, four treatments were set: control, defoliation and two types of cluster thinning: 10 and 6 clusters per vine. From the obtained results it is found that there are no injuries in the main winter buds during the vegetation period and the potential fruitfulness is determined by higher coefficient, 1.38, which depends on the location along the cane. The yield at this variety will be formed mainly by clusters with size of 350-550 mm, followed by those with the length of 550-750 mm. The application of defoliation and regulation of the vine yield has a beneficial effect on increasing the rate of potential fruitfulness of winter buds, the number of buds with 2 and 3 clusters, increasing the inflorescences with a length of 350-550 mm and the appearance of those longer than 750 mm

DESCRIPTION OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLANT GOJI BERRY

Goji berry is relatively a new plant introduced in the Republic Macedonia. It is prevalent on limited small plantations to a controlled breeding conditions and providing a yield which is immediately placing on the market and awakens interest in further expansion of its production. This plant (Lycium barbarum or Lycium chinense), belongs to the family Solanacea and characterized by very favorable chemical composition of the fruit with high nutritional, energy and antioxidant value. Therefore, this plant is a large application in dietary recommendations for the prevention of many diseases and as a natural organic product for general strengthening of the human organism. From another aspect, goji berry requires minimal growing conditions aimed at irrigation and treatment with pesticides and it belongs in adaptable resistant plants for organic production. Also, this plant has good genetic predispositions, easily reproduced and has favorable characteristics; cytogenetic status, germination of seeds, regenerative ability, ability to clonal selection and in vitro - propagation. Its morphological construction is easy for examination of scientific purposes. Considering that in the fruit of this plant has similar chemical substances as it has in the grape, but enormously more, in our research experience made by fermentation (actually vinification) of the two types of Goji berries - sweet andbitter. The goal was to get fermented products similar to wine, but with improved chemical composition and strong antioxidant power.But after analyzing the obtained product, it can be concluded that by increasing the quantity of antioxidant substances during the vinification, however sensory evaluation of the final product is low. Goji berry should be consumed in fresh or dried form or may be a supplement of some special wines (with high sensory evaluation and strong antioxidant substances)

The Effects of the Summer Pruning Operations on the Winter Buds Productivity of cv. Vranec (Vitis vinifera L.)

The study presents the analysis of the influence of summer pruning operations (defoliation, cluster thinning) on the parameters of a potential productivity of winter buds at the vine variety Vranec grown near Veles in the period 2013-2015. For this research, four treatments were set: control, defoliation and two types of cluster thinning: 10 and 6 clusters per vine. From the obtained results it is found that there are no injuries in the main winter buds during the vegetation period and the potential fruitfulness is determined by higher coefficient, 1.38, which depends on the location along the cane. The yield at this variety will be formed mainly by clusters with size of 350-550 μm, followed by those with the length of 550-750 μm. The application of defoliation and regulation of the vine yield has a beneficial effect on increasing the rate of potential fruitfulness of winter buds, the number of buds with 2 and 3 clusters, increasing the inflorescences with a length of 350-550 μm and the appearance of those longer than 750 μm

EXAMINATION OF THE CONTENT OF SOME ANTIOXIDANT SUBSTANCES IN SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS GRAPEVINE VARIETIES (VITIS VINIFERA L.) IN R.N. MACEDONIA

In this paper, some bioactive antioxidants have been tested in several grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) present in R.N. Macedonia. Grapes are a source of various nutrients that are beneficial to the human body in many ways. A grape, as a raw material and its final processing - wine is a complex of many chemical substances and compounds that are responsible for many visible and sensory characteristics that are manifested in varieties (phenotypic). Those chemical compounds are; carbohydrates, organic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, vitamins, polyphenols, minerals, nitrogen compounds, etc. Specifically, in our case, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and phenolic compounds (total phenols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ol and antioxidant activity) were tested in several autochthonous grape varieties and one standard variety (Belo zimsko, Stanushina, Crn valandovski drenok, Crven valandovski drenok and Palieri as standard). The tested chemicals are of great importance in their consumption in the human diet. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-mutation effects and reduce the risk of cardiovascular, degenerative and other chronic diseases. The most important for this group of compounds is that they determine the color, astringency, bitterness and some organoleptic and sensory characteristics of grapes and wine

COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF THE CONTENT OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN FRUITS OF SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS CHERRY VARIETIES

The content of vitamin C, total phenols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and the antioxidant activity of fruits of 6 cherry varieties (Ohridska brza, Ohridska rana, Ohridska crna, Dolga shishka, Dalbazlija and Ohridska bela) was examined. The fruits of autochthonous cherry varieties averagely contained 12.83 mg% vitamin C, 1386.25 mg/kg FW total phenols, 394.30 mg/kg FW anthocyanins, 69.150 mg/kg FW flavan-3-ols and had antioxidant activity 43.36% inhibition. Some of the autochthonous cherry varieties compared to the proposed standard variety showed higher values in the examined parameters. The highest content of vitamin C and the fruit antioxidant activity were recorded in Dalbazlija and Dolga shishka varieties. The highest content of total phenols had the standard variety Burlat. High content of total phenols was also found in Ohridska rana, Dalbazlija, Ohridska brza and Ohridska crna varieties. Ohridska rana and Ohridska crna varieties had higher content of anthocyanins compared to the standard variety and other autochthonous varieties. A moderate positive correlation was found between the content of anthocyanins and vitamin C. There was a moderate negative correlation between the content of flavan-3-ols and phenols. A very high positive correlation was found between the content of vitamin C and the antioxidant activity, while other chemical compounds had little or no effect on the antioxidant activity of cherry fruits

INVESTIGATION OF THE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN QUANTITATIVE TRAITS WHICH DETERMINE YIELD IN THE VINE CULTIVAR BOLGAR AND THE HYBRID COMBINATION BOLGAR X RUSSALKA 1

The correlations between quantitative traits, which determine yield in the vine cultivar Bolgar and F1 progeny of the hybrid combination Bolgar x Russalka 1, have been investigated through Path analysis. It has been found that there are no traits, highly significant for the formation of yield from this cultivar, for which the correlation coefficients, direct and total indirect influences have positive values. Positive correlations have been reported between the two parent cultivars and F1 progeny for the traits: shoot and fruiting shoot fertility coefficient, cluster width, total number of shoots, fruiting shoots and clusters. All studied fertility coefficients in the cultivar Bolgar exert positive direct influences, determined by moderate correlations, on the seedlings from F1 progeny. The correlations of the other traits and the influence of separate parent cultivars have positive or negative values, which can be used in the selection of valuable elite forms