Indagación de las concepciones de los estudiantes sobre la alimentación y la nutrición humana

Las concepciones son ideas o conocimientos que poseen los individuos relacionadas con los contenidos que deseamos enseñarles, de acuerdo a diferentes grupos de investigación reciben variadas denominaciones cada una de ellas establece significativas diferencias epistemológicas, entre la terminología relacionada encontramos: ideas previas, creencias, concepciones alternativas, concepciones erróneas, concepciones precientíficas, esquemas alternativos, preconceptos, teorías implícitas, etc. (Arillo et al. 2013, Cubero, 1996)En este taller utilizaremos la terminología “concepciones” tal y como lo refiere Cubero (1996)  alude “al conjunto de conocimientos de que dispone el niño, que le sirve en todo momento para dar sentido al mundo en que vive y para interpretar y predecir la experiencia”. Estas concepciones se  desarrollan desde muy temprana edad para tratar de dar respuesta a situaciones cotidianas que perciben sensorialmente.

Enseñanza de la Nutrición Humana . Revisión de antecedentes

En el proceso de realización de la investigación sobre el ConocimientoDidáctico del Contenido (CDC) de la nutrición humana, se abordó el análisisde los antecedentes de su enseñanza con el propósito de caracterizarlabuscando particularidades y semejanzas. Una revisión documental de tipo cualitativo de 50 artículos relacionados con el tema permitió estableceralgunas categorías del CDC y nos indicó que se debe abordar su enseñanzadesde diferentes enfoques, no solamente el biológico. La problemáticaprincipal que dificulta la enseñanza–aprendizaje de este tema tiene que vercon la enseñanza desarticulada de los diferentes sistemas; los conocimientosinadecuados de algunos docentes y las concepciones de los estudiantes. Lasprincipales finalidades de la enseñanza se dirigen hacia la adopción de estilosde vida saludables

Taller: “Mapeo del Conocimiento Didáctico del Contenido (CDC) de la alimentación y la nutrición humana”

El CDC es el conocimiento que posee el profesor que le permite enseñar uncontenido específico a un grupo de estudiantes, con el objetivo de lograr suaprendizaje. En este taller se propone realizar una actividad de mapeo delConocimiento Didáctico del Contenido de una profesora experimentada cuandoenseña la alimentación y la nutrición humana. Para lo cual se analizará el video yla transcripción de un fragmento de clase de la profesora mientras enseña estecontenido. Los resultados que se obtengan son de mucha importancia ya queservirán de ejemplo de la forma en que se puede realizar un mapeo del CDC,estableciendo las relaciones que efectúan los diferentes componentes de esteconocimiento (contenido, evaluación, estrategias de enseñanza, finalidades deenseñanza, conocimiento sobre los estudiantes, contexto), determinando sufrecuencia y analizando el tipo de relaciones que se establecen entre loscomponentes. Además, permitirá vislumbrar acciones para fortalecer lasrelaciones de los componentes que lo requieran, bien sea mediante propuestas dedesarrollo profesional o ejercicios de reflexión docente

Mapeo del conocimiento didáctico del contenido de la alimentación y la nutrición humana de una profesora de secundaria

Establecer relaciones entre los componentes del conocimiento didáctico del contenido (CDC) representa un reto; la mayoría de investigaciones enfatizan en la identificación y descripción de componentes. Menor cantidad analizan las relaciones entre ellos, ya sea identificándolas o estableciendo el tipo de relaciones. En este escrito se presentan los resultados del mapeo del CDC sobre la alimentación y la nutrición humana, análisis realizado a partir de las respuestas dadas al cuestionario semiestructurado Representaciones de Contenido (ReCo) por una profesora experimentada de secundaria. Se destacan tres componentes mayoritarios del CDC, en su orden de frecuencia: los contenidos de enseñanza, los propósitos de enseñanza y el conocimiento de los estudiantes, y minoritariamente: la evaluación, las estrategias de enseñanza y el conocimiento del contexto

Integrating the users in the design of a robot for making Comprehensive Geriatric Assessments (CGA) to elderly people in care centers

Lisboa, (28-31 de agosto 2017)Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional and multidisciplinary diagnostic instrument that helps provide personalized care to the elderly, by evaluating their physical and mental state. In a social and economic context of growing ageing populations, medical experts can save time and effort if provided with interactive tools to efficiently assist them in doing CGAs, managing standardized tests or data collection. Recent research proposes the use of social robots as the central part of these tools. These robots must be able to unfold all functionalities that questionnaires or motion-based tests require, including natural language, face tracking and monitoring, human motion capture and so on. But another issue is the robot's acceptability and trust by the end-users, both patients (elderly people) and clinicians: the robot needs to be able to engage with the patients during the interaction sessions, and must be perceived as a useful and efficient tool by the clinicians. This paper presents the acquisition of new user requirements for CLARC, through participatory and user-centered design approach, to inform the improvement of both interface and interaction. Thirty eight persons (elderly people, caregivers and health professionals) were involved in the design process of CLARC, based on user-centered methods and techniques of Human-Computer Interaction discipline.This work has been partially funded by the European Union ECHORD++ project (FP7-ICT-601116) and the TIN2015-65686-C5-1-R Spanish Ministerio de EconomÍa y Competitividad project and FEDER funds

Methodological proposal with an interdisciplinary approach for teaching learning content theory of the pharmacological receptor in the medical career

Background: in therapeutic decision-making, the importance of knowledge of the drug receptor theory content is recognized; however, there is a lack of proposals from interdisciplinarity, which is useful as reference for teachers to improve the teaching of this process.Objective: to design a methodological proposal with an interdisciplinary approach for the teaching-learning of the content theory of the pharmacological receptor in the Medicine career.Methods: study carried out at the Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences, during the 2018-2019 school year. From a universe of 250 fourth-year medical students, 75 students were selected through a simple random probability sampling, to whom a survey was applied. 19 professionals were surveyed corresponding to all the teachers involved in the process for teaching the subjects Pharmacology I, Molecular Biology and Nervous, Endocrine and Reproductive Systems. Five key informants selected by intentional non-probability sampling were interviewed. In addition, a documentary analysis was carried out that included the study plans and programs of the Medicine career in Cuba to identify the interrelationship between the disciplines.Results: based on the weaknesses detected, a proposal was elaborated that will facilitate the linking of the subjects, which will allow greater importance and relevance of the knowledge and pharmacological skills in medical training from an interdisciplinary perspective.Conclusions: the experts considered that the proposal will contribute favorably to the preparation of teachers in response to the current medical training model.</p

CLARC: A cognitive robot for helping geriatric doctors in real scenarios

Third Iberian Robotics Conference (ROBOT 2017). 22 to 24 November 2017, Seville, SpainAbstract: Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is an integrated clinical process to evaluate the frailty of elderly persons in order to create therapy plans that improve their quality of life. For robotizing these tests, we are designing and developing CLARC, a mobile robot able to help the physician to capture and manage data during the CGA procedures, mainly by autonomously conducting a set of predefined evaluation tests. Built around a shared internal representation of the outer world, the architecture is composed of software modules able to plan and generate a stream of actions, to execute actions emanated from the representation or to update this by including/removing items at different abstraction levels. Percepts, actions and intentions coming from all software modules are grounded within this unique representation. This allows the robot to react to unexpected events and to modify the course of action according to the dynamics of a scenario built around the interaction with the patient. The paper describes the architecture of the system as well as the preliminary user studies and evaluation to gather new user requirements.This work has been partially funded by the EU ECHORD++ project (FP7-ICT-601116) and the TIN2015-65686-C5-1-R (MINECO and FEDER funds). Javier García is partially supported by the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) funds under the project 2016-T2/TIC-171

Examining the immune signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and the impact on neurodevelopment: Protocol of the SIGNATURE longitudinal study.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a valuable opportunity to carry out cohort studies that allow us to advance our knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases. One of these opportunities is the study of the relationships between inflammation, brain development and an increased risk of suffering neuropsychiatric disorders. Based on the hypothesis that neuroinflammation during early stages of life is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and confers a greater risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, we propose a cohort study of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women and their newborns. The main objective of SIGNATURE project is to explore how the presence of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other non-infectious stressors generates an abnormal inflammatory activity in the newborn. The cohort of women during the COVID-19 pandemic will be psychological and biological monitored during their pregnancy, delivery, childbirth and postpartum. The biological information of the umbilical cord (foetus blood) and peripheral blood from the mother will be obtained after childbirth. These samples and the clinical characterisation of the cohort of mothers and newborns, are tremendously valuable at this time. This is a protocol report and no analyses have been conducted yet, being currently at, our study is in the recruitment process step. At the time of this publication, we have identified 1,060 SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and all have already given birth. From the total of identified mothers, we have recruited 537 SARS-COV-2 infected women and all of them have completed the mental health assessment during pregnancy. We have collected biological samples from 119 mothers and babies. Additionally, we have recruited 390 non-infected pregnant women

Cepa de trichoderma útil para el tratamiento y/o prevención de infecciones provocadas por microorganismos fitopatógenos

Cepa de trichoderma útil para el tratamiento y/o prevención de infecciones provocadas por microorganismos fitopatógenos. La invención se refiere a una nueva cepa de hongos perteneciente a la especie Trichoderma harzianum resistente a cobre capaz de inhibir el crecimiento de otros microorganismos, preferiblemente hongos, fitopatógenos. Por ello, se propone su uso como fertilizante y para la prevención y/o tratamiento de infecciones de plantas y/o suelos provocadas por microorganismos fitopatógenos, preferiblemente por los patotipos defoliante o no defoliante de Verticillium dahliae, agente causante de la verticilosis del olivo. Además, debido a su capacidad de resistencia a cobre, la cepa de la invención puede ser utilizada en un método de prevención y/o tratamiento de infecciones provocadas por microorganismos, preferiblemente hongos, fitopatógenos en combinación con otros agentes antifúngicos.Españ

Impact of Biological Agents on Postsurgical Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease : A Multicentre Study of Geteccu

Background: The impact of biologics on the risk of postoperative complications (PC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still an ongoing debate. This lack of evidence is more relevant for ustekinumab and vedolizumab. Aims: To evaluate the impact of biologics on the risk of PC. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 37 centres. Patients treated with biologics within 12 weeks before surgery were considered "exposed". The impact of the exposure on the risk of 30-day PC and the risk of infections was assessed by logistic regression and propensity score-matched analysis. Results: A total of 1535 surgeries were performed on 1370 patients. Of them, 711 surgeries were conducted in the exposed cohort (584 anti-TNF, 58 vedolizumab and 69 ustekinumab). In the multivariate analysis, male gender (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-2.0), urgent surgery (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.2), laparotomy approach (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9) and severe anaemia (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.6) had higher risk of PC, while academic hospitals had significantly lower risk. Exposure to biologics (either anti-TNF, vedolizumab or ustekinumab) did not increase the risk of PC (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.97-1.58), although it could be a risk factor for postoperative infections (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.03-2.27). Conclusions: Preoperative administration of biologics does not seem to be a risk factor for overall PC, although it may be so for postoperative infections