Religião, identidade e segurança entre imigrantes luteranos da pomerania, no espirito santo

No século 19, muitas pessoas de diversas regiões rurais da Alemanha emigraram pra o Brasil. Vários contingentes oriundos da Pomerânia Oriental (hoje noroeste da Polônia) fixaram-se no estado do Espírito Santo. A maioria era seguidora da igreja luterana. Neste artigo, examinamos como sua religião ajudou esses imigrantes a conservar um nível de segurança satisfatório. A palavra segurança é utilizada especialmente mas não exclusivamente no sentido existencial ou ontológico. Na busca de certo nível de segurança em sua nova pátria, eles e seus descendentes construíram, reproduziram, desconstruiram e reconstruíram suas identidades coletiva e individual. Mostra-se como a religião ressaltou entre os recursos transnacionais utilizados, junto com a cultura e a língua pomeranas.In the 19th century, many people from various rural areas in Germany migrated to Brazil. Several contingents from Eastern Pomerania (now North-West Poland) settled in the state of Espírito Santo. In majority they were members of the Lutheran church. In this chapter the question is discussed how their religion helped these immigrants to maintain a satisfying level of security. The term security is especially but not only taken in the existential or ontological sense. Seeking some degree of security in the new homeland, these migrants and their descendants constructed, reproduced, deconstructed and reconstructed their collective and individual identities. Religion is shown to have been prominent among the transnational resources they used, alongside Pomeranian culture and language

Quantifying the impact of model inaccuracy in climate change impact assessment studies using an agro-hydrological model

Numerical simulation models are frequently applied to assess the impact of climate change on hydrology and agriculture. A common hypothesis is that unavoidable model errors are reflected in the reference situation as well as in the climate change situation so that by comparing reference to scenario model errors will level out. For a polder in The Netherlands an innovative procedure has been introduced, referred to as the Model-Scenario-Ratio (MSR), to express model inaccuracy on climate change impact assessment studies based on simulation models comparing a reference situation to a climate change situation. The SWAP (Soil Water Atmosphere Plant) model was used for the case study and the reference situation was compared to two climate change scenarios. MSR values close to 1, indicating that impact assessment is mainly a function of the scenario itself rather than of the quality of the model, were found for most indicators evaluated. A climate change scenario with enhanced drought conditions and indicators based on threshold values showed lower MSR values, indicating that model accuracy is an important component of the climate change impact assessment. It was concluded that the MSR approach can be applied easily and will lead to more robust impact assessment analyses