Influence of Additives upon the Viscosity of Concentrated Deinking Waste

The literature survey reveals little information relating directly to deinking waste. This waste is composed mostly of coating and filling pigments such as clays and calcium carbonate therefore a study was made along these lines. Hauser (8), and other colloidal chemist, generally agree that clay and other pigment suspensions can be dispersed with certain chemical additives. This is said to be attributed to the active forces of repulsion between the particles which in turn produce a marked effect upon the flow properties. Further studies reveal that the Hercules Hi-Shear viscometer has been useful in analyzing high solids pigment suspensions which display non-Newtonian properties and during application are subjected to high rates of shear. An example of this is high solids coating colors as applied to a webb of paper at high machine speeds. A study of concentrated deinking waste from paper mills was made to find if solids content could be raised without increasing the viscosity. Many chemical additives were tried without marked effect. The high viscosity of deinking waste is due primarily to the small amount of fibers present. Removal of some of these fibers through wet screening, keeping the solids content constant, showed a marked drop in viscosity. Repeated washings of deinking waste indicated that it is already in a dispersed phase as received from the deinking mills. Analysis indicated that this is due to presence of sodium resinate

Physical behavior of computing networks with an emphasis on routing

Combining powerful, local computing capability with inexpensive packet switched communication invites the creation of a new entity--the computing network. A computing network is a group of computer systems, interconnected by a packet switched network, which cooperate to accomplish a specific task. Efficient communication between computer systems is critical. The accepted method of dealing with packet congestion is to limit network operation to linear regions ($\le$80 percent of total capacity). Because of large parameter spaces, the behavior of computing networks is complex and not easily predictable with current techniques except in the simplest, linear region of operation. Since traditional approaches are inadequate, examining computing networks from a different perspective is desirable. The complex behavior of a computing network in some sense emulates the behavior of many natural systems. The computing network may be thought of as a pseudo-physical system (PPS). A PPS is any complex, artificial system which exhibits a critical subset of the characteristics of a natural system such as the presence of a fractal dimension combined with a rich spectral signature. Natural systems operate close to their functional capacity. Combining the ideas of computing networks and pseudo-physical systems creates a new paradigm. This new paradigm captures the behavior of computing networks for the purpose of improved communication and processing capability. Extensive research, comparing distributed computing systems to natural ecologies, alludes to the link between order in systems and chaos. In many natural systems, chaos implies order. The major contribution of this research is the discovery of chaos in computing networks by means of an innovative technique: the combination of the Correlation Dimension and the Fast Fourier Transform. The implication of the research is it opens a new area of study which should lead to physically-friendly computing networks. The conclusion of this research is that the measurement of chaos in computing networks implies order (yet unused)

The Antitrust Implications of the Denial of Hospital Staff Privileges

Hospitals monitor the quality of patient care by controlling physician access to hospitals and their facilities. Physicians denied staff privileges may claim that the hospital\u27s limitation on access represents a concerted refusal to deal-a violation of the Sherman Act. In this article, the author examines the allegedly anticompetitive practices of hospitals and concludes that the hospitals\u27 concerted refusal to deal may be permitted as a legitimate means of self-regulation by professional

Vitamin Fortification of Milled Rice: A New Approach to Address Micronutrient Malnutrition

To address micronutrient deficiencies in the susceptible sector of society, it is recommended to fortify the commercial milled rice with vitamins using the new technique of fortification. The simple approach, which involves rice surface modification and vitamin absorption, is deemed economical compared to traditional fortification processes. Moreover, the susceptibility of losing vitamins due to washing processes is resolved in this improved grain fortification as ~90% of the vitamins are retained. The results shown in this study indicate the successful fortification of vitamins on rice and that fortification is more pronounced when the grain undergoes sonication process. As the staple food for an estimated 3 billion people worldwide, fortification of rice grains through sonication and adsorption allows vitamins to be delivered into the body regularly through the diet, which can be a potential approach towards a massive food fortification programs to address severe nutrient deficiencies in the population

R116C mutation of cationic trypsinogen in a Turkish family with recurrent pancreatitis illustrates genetic microheterogeneity of hereditary pancreatitis

Hereditary pancreatitis is due to heterozygosity for gain-of-function mutations in the cationic trypsinogen gene which result in increased levels of active trypsin within pancreatic acinar cells and autodigestion of the pancreas. The number of disease-causing defects is generally considered to be low. To gain further insight into the molecular basis of this disorder, DNA sequence analysis of all five exons was performed in 109 unrelated patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis in order to determine the variability of the underlying mutations. Two German females and one German male were carriers of the most common N291 and R122H mutations (trypsinogen numbering system). In a Turkish proband, an arginine (CGT) to cysteine (TGT) substitution at amino acid position 116 was identified. Family screening demonstrated that the patient had inherited the mutation from his asymptomatic father and that he had transmitted it to both of his children, his daughter being symptomatic since the age of 3 years. In addition, a German male was found to be a heterozygote for a D100H (GAC-->CAC) amino acid replacement. Our data provide evidence for genetic heterogeneity of hereditary pancreatitis. The growing number of cationic trypsinogen mutations is expected to change current mutation screening practices for this disease