The Cold War in the West Asian Planet: A Historical Study of the Afghanistan Unsettledness

The cold war in West Asia was come across by the world in shape of Afghanistan conflict This battle besides unfocused the U S S R from her armaments competition by way of the U S A consequently let America to achieve a scientific plus USA ratcheted up stress on U S S R all the way through several means The Reagan government initiated introducing missiles in Western Europe principally in Western Germany tactically positioned to terrorize Eastern Europe and the U S S R Reagan moreover initiated buttressing the United States armed forces Reagan custom-built innovative jumbo jet carriers and long-drawn-out America s stealth aircraft curriculum Toward the Soviets these measures indicated a broaden armaments fissure in particular in terms of scientifically sophisticated armament

Chinas Seat in United Nations, Kashmir Issue and the India-Pakistan War of 1965

On the one hand the Sino-Indian border war Sino- Soviet hostile relations and the US-China rivalry and on the other hand Pak-India enmity Pak-Soviet hostility and Pakistan s disillusionment with the US brought China and Pakistan closer to each other China was in struggle to get membership in United Nations where the Western powers were blocking its way and Taiwan was allowed to be a Chinese nation representative In 1960s Pakistan abandoned its policy of following the West and voted for Communist China in the UN China too refrained from its policy of neutrality regarding Indo-Pak issues and openly started to support Pakistan on Kashmir issue Beijing supported Islamabad in its war with New Delhi China condemned Indian aggression against Pakistan and appreciated the Kashmiri freedom fighters in their struggle from Indian illegal occupation This paper covers discussion and analysis on China s seat in UN Kashmir issue and Indo-Pak war of 196

The Dynamic Role of aoMawlana Shah Ahmad Noorania in the Constitution-Making of Pakistan (1972-1975)

Mawlana Noorani could be found busy in politics even before the independence of Pakistan in 1947 Mawlana Shah Ahmad Noorani entered into Pakistani Parliament through the general elections held in 1970 He always struggled for the democratization and Islamization of Pakistani society through constitutional means When the Interim Constitution was presented in the National Assembly on April 14 1972 by the Bhutto Government Mawlana Noorani on that very day urged the President to prepare a constitution based on the teachings of Holy Quran and Sunnah and on the twenty-two points of the Ulama A twenty-five member Committee which was entrusted with the task of preparing the draft for permanent constitution Mawlana was one of them Mawlana Noorani was one of the signatories of the Constitutional Accord signed by the opposition parties and the then Government on October 20 197

Dilapidating and Falling Down of Communism in Soviet Union: An Historical Analysis of Egalitarian Arrangements versus Free Market

Abstract The obvious malfunctioning of a bureaucratically federalized scheduling, we face to some extent a different defy and confront to shield the inevitability of cognizant, self-ruled, communa

Exploring Ethics in Contemporary Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices: A Stakeholder Marketing Perspective

this study aspires to scientifically explore ethics in pharmaceutical marketing through the prism of stakeholder marketing. The study aims to identify different stakeholders and accentuate their importance in firms and how they can be involved in decision-making that affects all of them. The researcher deploys a qualitative method of inquiry to study the informants in their natural setting. Grounded theory is used as a strategy of inquiry to apply interrelated concepts and procedures to study the social phenomenon of interest. Through stratified purposive sampling, in-depth interviews were conducted with physicians and pharmaceutical companies’ sales managers. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed through a grounded theory coding process. A single theme emerged after the highest abstraction which is “Contemporary Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices” with four categories such as promotional campaigns, products inducements, inappropriate marketing strategies, and concealing drugs-related adverse effects. It is suggested that firms can adopt the stakeholder marketing perspective if they identify and recognize the importance of all stakeholders; inquired about their issues and what they expect from the firms, and finally involved them in all decision processes.   &nbsp

Why Do Some Businesses Succeed Whilst Others Fail? Evidence from District Swat, KPK, Pakistan

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the Critical Success Factors (CSF) and Critical Failure Factors (CFF) of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) in district Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (KPK), Pakistan. The objective of the paper is to find out CSF and CFF that are vital for SMEs in district Swat for their success and failure. Only primary data has been collected for the study from the local markets of the district. The top three CSF are revealed out to be the attitude, knowledge and effective communication whilst, the top three CFF are found to be the shrinking financial resources, inability to adapt to changing environment and shrinking market. The government support as CSF proved to be the least affecting one. Interestingly the lease CFF's have been reported as poor financial management and poor marketing. The paper not only contributes to the existing literature but also helps in improving the chances of becoming most successful as entrepreneurs in district Swat. The practical implementation of the CSF and CFF will contribute to the bottom line of the existing business in the area