Qualité du mélange dans un bioréacteur à cuve agitée utilisé pour la culture de cellules animales: étude de l’hétérogénéité à l’échelle laboratoire et prédiction de l’évolution du temps de mélange avec le scale-up

Animal cells are industrially cultivated inside stirred bioreactors to produce proteinic compounds. Due to the use of mild agitation conditions in order to limit mechanical constraints, the homogeneity of the culture medium can be far from perfect. This study has therefore two objectives. 1) the global characterization of the mixing via the mixing time 2) the local description of concentration fields. The mixing time is measured by conductimetry inside 20 L, 80 L, 600L tanks. The Grenville correlation is adjusted on these experimental measurements to improve the prediction of the mixing time during the scale-up of the process. The concentration fields are visualized by the Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (P.L.I.F) technique in the 20 L tank. This part of the study is focused on the time evolution of the maximum value of the tracer concentration inside measurement planes and of the numerical distribution of theses concentration fields.Développement d'un modèle hydrodynamique multi-échelle décrivant le mélange dans les bioréacteurs utilisés en culture cellulair

Etude de l'hétérogénéité du mélange dans un bioréacteur à l'échelle de laboratoire et lors de son scale-up

convention: 1.1.202.10 .F , Développement d'un modèle hydrodynamique multi-échelle décrivant le mélange dans les bioréacteurs utilisés en culture cellulaire. Validation expérimentale par les techniques de visualisation PIV et LI

Estimation of the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation in a culture cell stirred tank bioreactor

peer reviewedThe turbulent dissipation rate is a key parameter in stirred tanks and its local values may have a strong influence on the performance of many processes. However, the local dissipation rate estimation is far from easy in a stirred tank, especially near the impeller discharge where maximum values are encountered. The aim of this work is to estimate the dissipation rate in a vessel used for animal-cell cultures and stirred with a down-pumping axial impeller (Mixel TTP) from velocity fields measured by 2D-PIV. Special attention is paid to the assumptions necessary to estimate the dissipation rate from 2D measurements and to the influence of measurement spatial resolution on the estimated values. The analysis of isotropy ratios measured on vertical, horizontal and tangential planes shows that the turbulence in the impeller discharge is far from isotropic. Isotropy assumptions classically used to estimate the dissipation rate from 2D measurements may thus lead to erroneous values. Based on the measured isotropy ratios, a new relationship is proposed to estimate the dissipation rate in the impeller discharge. This relationship is then used to estimate the dissipation rate on a vertical plane located in the impeller discharge zone. In order to analyze the influence of the measurement spatial resolution on the estimated values of the dissipation, a total of 12 spatial resolutions are tested. Results show that if the spatial resolution is divided by a factor 2, the dissipation rate increases by 220%. For the smallest spatial resolution value used, the maximum dissipation rate estimated is 50 times higher than the mean overall dissipation rate and the corresponding minimum value of the Kolmogorov scale is nearly 3 times smaller than the Kolmogorov scale computed from the mean overall dissipation rate

A fluorescence model of the C[SUB]3[/SUB] radical in comets

Theoretical resonance fluorescence calculations are presented of the triatomic C[SUB]3[/SUB] radical and are compared with observations of the C[SUB]3[/SUB] emission in comets Hale-Bopp and de Vico. A theoretical model of the C[SUB]3[/SUB] vibration-rotational structure in the A[SUP]1[/SUP]Pi[SUB]u[/SUB] - X[SUP]1[/SUP]Sigma[SUB]g[/SUB] [SUP]+[/SUP] electronic system is introduced. The model takes into account the detailed structure of the bending mode nu[SUB]2[/SUB] which is responsible for the emission of the 4050 à group. A total of 1959 levels are considered, with 515 levels in the ground state. The main effort is to model high-resolution spectra of the 4050 à emission in comets C/1995 O1 Hale-Bopp and 122P/1995 S1 de Vico. The agreement between observed and theoretical spectra is good for a value of the dipole moment derivative of dmu/dr ~ 2.5 Debye à [SUP]-1[/SUP]. The modeled C[SUB]3[/SUB] emission exhibits a pronounced Swings effect. Based on observations made with William Herschel Telescope operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, and on observations made at the McDonald Observatory, which is operated by the University of Texas at Austin, USA