Two main distinct evolutionary stories describe the Italian grapevine assortment

A dataset of high-quality 7k SNP profiles of 1,038 unique Eurasian grapevine varieties was used to infer the most likely grapevine migration events, a spatial ancestry estimation, and a model about the origin of Eurasian grapevine germplasm. The comparison of putative gene flow scenarios from Caucasus throughout Europe aided to fit the more reliable spreading routes around the Mediterranean Basin. The same dataset was also used to assess the population genetic diversity, structure, and relatedness of Italian varieties. These data suggested a different history between Northern and Southern Italian grapevines, appearing clearly split into two different clusters. Interestingly, the Italian genotypes were shown to be distinguishable from all the other Eurasian populations for the first time. The same SNP panel was used to determine parental relationships, identifying the main parents of traditional Italian and closely related cultivars. The parentage network suggested that Italian germplasm largely originated from a few key parents distributed into several geographical areas of genetic influence, with more or less large overlaps. These key cultivars are ‘Bombino bianco’, ‘Garganega’/‘Grecanico’, ‘Mantonico bianco’, ‘Orsolina’/‘Coccalona nera’, ‘Muscat à petits grains blanc’, ‘Malvasia odorosissima’, ‘Sangiovese’, ‘Sciaccarello’, ‘Visparola’ and ‘Vulpea’. The pedigree reconstruction by fullsib and second-degree relationships highlighted the pivotal role of some cultivars, such as ‘Visparola’, until now scarcely known. A hypothetic migration of this variety from Southern to Northern Italy along the Eastern side, as well as ‘Sangiovese’ migration from Southern to Central Italy along the Western side might be supposed. Moreover, ‘Muscat à petits grains blanc’, mainly through its offspring ‘Malvasia odorosissima’, furnished a consistent contribution to the development of many aromatic grapes grown in the Northern-Western part of the Italian Peninsula. These results represent the most complete study of grapevine Italian population genetics that has been carried out until now on the Italian germplasm

Movimenti migratori e nuove vulnerabilit\ue0. Scenari di politiche pubbliche

\uc8 indubbio che oggi l\u2019immigrazione si configura nel panorama nazionale come un fenomeno di rilievo centrale per le implicazioni di carattere sociale, umanitario e di sicurezza che ineluttabilmente solleva. Sembra anche evidente che nel nostro Paese, cos\uec come negli altri Stati membri dell\u2019Unione Europea, le \u201cpolitiche d\u2019integrazione\u201d, orientate alla costruzione di una \u201ccittadinanza multiculturale\u201d tendano a ridursi sempre pi\uf9 a mera retorica e a limitarsi alla previsione e organizzazione di flussi pianificati di una forza lavoro che, per il suo carattere di stagionalit\ue0 o comunque di \u201cpassaggio\u201d, non richiede di essere governata attraverso meccanismi di reale integrazione nel paese di arrivo. D\u2019altro canto le politiche di controllo dell\u2019immigrazione basate sul monitoraggio delle frontiere e sulla riduzione delle possibilit\ue0 d\u2019ingresso legale mostrano ogni giorno di pi\uf9 i loro limiti pur rappresentando un\u2019esibizione di fermezza nei confronti di quei migranti che comunque decidono di mettersi in viaggio pagando ingenti somme di denaro alla criminalit\ue0 organizzata che gestisce le attivit\ue0 di favoreggiamento dell\u2019immigrazione irregolare, spesso utilizzando mezzi o facendo ricorso a modalit\ue0 di trasporto cos\uec inadeguati da porre a pregiudizio la vita altrui.Leggere il fenomeno della tratta all\u2019interno dei movimenti migratori e considerare il loro impatto nel quadro dei processi della globalizzazione, significa riflettere sugli orientamenti di policy e sulla tipologia di sistemi d\u2019intervento che \ue8 possibile implementare attraverso il lavoro di rete multi agenzia. L\u2019esigenza di considerare una serie di trasformazioni con riferimento alle persone migranti che presentano una particolare esposizione al rischio di divenire vittime di gravi forme di sfruttamento \ue8 sviluppata nel testo utilizzando angoli visuali e chiavi di lettura diversi. Il saggio \ue8 orientato a riflettere sul significato e le ricadute in termini di policy che derivano dalla difficolt\ue0 di operare quelle distinzioni, ancorate anche al dato normativo, con cui fino a tempi recenti sono state costruite le categorie di riferimento pi\uf9 importanti relativamente ai migranti

Evolution of the ceramic production at the Alpine site of Castel de Pedena: technology and innovation between the Recent Bronze Age and the early Iron Age

Castel de Pedena (northeastern Italy) was a hillfort settlement located in the Venetian Prealps at 680 m above the sea level, in a position that likely conferred upon it a linking role between the Venetian plain and the Alpine areas. The first occupation of the area is dated to the Early Bronze Age, and continues, although intermittently, until the early phase of the Iron Age. The analysis of its Recent Bronze Age to Iron Age pottery assemblage has underlined the use of different recipes for the ceramic production over time. Variations in the raw material selection, clay processing choices, and firing conditions demonstrate a significant shift in the ceramic technology, and therefore, in the potters technological habits

Temvi Project Trafficked and Exploited Minors between Vulnerability and Illegality. Forced criminal activities as a new form of exploitation in human trafficking: knowledge and human rights based practices through pilot research and multi-agency training and prototype-procedures, ITALY FInal Report

This publication contains the main outputs of the first three Work Packages of the project: - the Research Reports produced for each of the 4 involved countries about trafficking for the purpose of exploitation in criminal activities: phenomenon, policies and practices, training; - the preliminary document Referral Practices and Procedures for Persons Trafficked in Forced Criminal Activities, basis for the Prototype and the Experimental Procedures; - the document The Local Referral Mechanism and the critical areas of concern regarding forced criminal activities, which is the background paper for the “Idealtype Prototype”; - the Idealtype Prototype of Multi-Agency Practices for a Referral System for Children Trafficked and Exploited into Forced Criminal Activities; - Draft Memorandum of Understanding for the establishment of experimental and multi-agency operating procedures on the emergence, the identification, the referral of and the first assistance to minors trafficked into forced criminal activities, developed in the Triveneto area, Italy; - Outline for the interviews to stakeholders. The Research Reports differ significantly, reflecting the different situations in each partner country, under different perspectives: the phenomenon of trafficking into forced criminal activities and the broader trafficking phenomenon; the anti-trafficking legislation, policies, coordination mechanisms and referral systems; the availability of data and of expertise on the specific topic. As a consequence the Reports differ not only in length but also in terms of contents and scope of the research. However each report provides a picture of the trafficking phenomenon and of the antitrafficking framework in the country, and offers an analysis of trafficking into forcedcriminal activities and existing measures and obstacles in facing it and in protecting victims, whose voices are reported too.The research was carried out through desk research (including data analysis where available), interviews to stakeholders and presumed and identified victim