Uticaj mikrobiološkog đubriva i oplemenjivača zemljišta na prinos heljde (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) u uslovima veće nadmorske visine

Effect of microbiological fertilizer (Slavol) and soil additives (zeolite and hydrogel) on buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) yield was investigated in this paper. Trial was set up in the village of Radijevići, Serbia in agroecological conditions of mountain Zlatar (altitude 1,065 m) during a two-year period 2009 and 2010. A randomized complete block design with four replications was set up. In organic cropping system three combinations of microbiological fertilizer (Slavol) with zeolite and hydrogel were used prior to sowing. Different combinations of the microbiological fertilizer and the soil additives gave positive results especially in the second year of the trial. The best combination in organic cropping system was Slavol+hydrogel with foliar application of the microbiological fertilizer, which resulted in the greatest yield of buckwheat and this treatment can be recommended to producers. Buckwheat performed very well under limited conditions of acidic soil on high altitude in organic cropping system and it can be recommended as a very suitable crop for organic producers.U ovom radu je ispitivan uticaj mikrobiološkog đubriva (Slavol) i oplemenjivača zemljišta (zeolita i hidrogela) na prinos heljde (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench). Ogled je postavljen u selu Radijevići u agroekološkim uslovima planine Zlatar na nadmorskoj visini od 1.065 m tokom dvogodišnjeg perioda 2009. i 2010. Ogled je postavljen po slučajnom blok sistemu u četiri ponavljanja. U organskom sistemu gajenja su primenjene tri kombinacije mikrobiološkog đubriva sa zeolitom i hidrogelom pre setve useva. Sve varijante đubrenja su dale pozitivne rezultate u odnosu na prinos, naročito u drugoj godini istraživanja. Najbolja kombinacija u organskom sistemu gajenja je bila varijanta Slavol+hydrogel sa folijarnom primenom mikrobiološkog đubriva Slavola, koja je dala i najveći prinos heljde. Gajenje heljde pod limitiranim uslovima kiselog zemljišta na većoj nadmorskoj visini u organskom sistemu gajenja se pokazalo opravdanim i može se preporučiti proizvođačima

Aktivnost fosfomonoesteraze u zavisnosti od mikrobioloških svojstava zemljišta

In the present work, effects of microbiological soil properties and phosphomonoesterase activity are presented. The abundances of ammonificators, fungi, actinomycetes, Azotobacter sp., cellulolytic microorganisms, microorganisms that solubilize organic and inorganic P compounds bound to Al, Fe and Ca, have been determined by the dilution method with application of selective nutrient mediums. The first five axes explaines 86% of the total variance. The first axis explains 34.6% of variance and it appears to reflect the processes of microbiological mineralization and immobilization of phosphorus. The second axis explains 25.9% of variance and reflects microbial activity and organic matter accumulation, N biomasses, Azotobacter sp. abundance and acid and alkaline PME activities. Phosphomonoesterase activity in soil depend primarily on soil organic matter and biological factors and can be used as a parameter of plants' uptake of phosphorus, especially in conditions of its low concentration in soil.U ovom radu ispitivan je uticaj mikrobioloskih svojstava zemljista i aktivnosti fosfomonoestreaze. Brojnost azotofiksatora, gljiva, aktinomiceta, Azotobacter sp., celulolitičkih mikroorganizama, mikroorganizma koji razlazu organske i neorganske jedinjenja vezana za P, Al, Fe i Ca, utvrđene su postupkom razređivanja s primenom selektivnih hranjivih medija. Prvih pet osa objasnjava 86% ukupne varijanse. Prva osa objašnjava 34,6% varijanse, a odražava procese mikrobiološke mineralizacije i imobilizacije fosfora. Druga osa objašnjava 25,9% varijanse i odražava mikrobiološku aktivnost i nakupljanje organske materije, N biomase, brojnost Azotobacter sp. i aktivnosti kisele i alkalne fosfomonoesteraze. Fosfomonoesterazna djelovanja u tlu primarno zavise od organske materije i bioloških faktora i može se koristiti kao parametar biljnog usvajanja fosfora, naročito u uslovima njegove niske koncentracije u tlu

Produktivnost ozime raži u organskom i konvencionalnom sistemu gajenja

Rye is a cereal which is very much demanded at the market, for making a special kind of bread, but it is little grown in Serbia. The aim of this paper is to investigate possibilities of organic growing of winter rye, comparing with the conventional one, in agroecological conditions of Valjevo hilly region during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 cropping seasons. The trial was set up in a village of Kotešica, on soil which had not been used for agriculture for 7 years. In organic cropping system three combinations of microbiological fertiliser baktofil with zeolite and hydrogel were used prior to sowing. Half of each plot was treated with foliar microbiological fertiliser Slavol during crop growing period. In conventional cropping system three variants with mineral fertilisers were included: NPK, NPK+zeolite, NPK+hydrogel. Results of the yield obtained in the experiment showed a significant difference between two seasons, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. In comparison with the control, the treatments in an organic cropping system resulted with statistically insignificant differences for mean values in both years, while the mean in conventional cropping system has significantly higher yield of winter rye. Organic cropping system under conditions of Valjevo hilly region did not give significantly lower rye yield compared with the conventional one in a moderate growing season such was 2008/2009. The combination of soil microbiological fertiliser (Baktofil) with foliar fertiliser (Slavol) and zeolite gave the highest winter rye grain yield in all other treatments in the second year of investigation. In a very wet season (2009/2010) mineral fertiliser NPK showed an advantage, especially in combinations with zeolite, and this treatment can be recommended.Raž je žito, koje je veoma traženo, naročito za spravljanje specijalnih vrsta hleba, ali se malo gaji u Srbiji. Cilj ovog rada je da se ispita mogućnost organskog gajenja ove biljne vrste, u odnosu na konvencionalni u konkretnim agroekološkim uslovima valjevskog pobrđa 2008/2009. i 2009/2010. godine. Ogled je postavljen u selu Kotešica, na zemljištu koje nije korišćeno u konvencionalnoj proizvodnji 7 godina. U organskom sistemu poljoprivredne proizvodnje, korišćene su kombinacije mikrobiološkog đubriva baktofila sa dva poboljšivača zemljišta zeolita i hidrogela, kojima je tretirano zemljište neposredno pred setvu. Polovina svake elementarne parcele je prihranjena folijarno, takođe mikrobiološkim đubrivom, slavolom u toku vegetacionog perioda biljaka. U konvencionalnom sistemu poljoprivredne proizvodnje uključene su tri varijante sa kompleksnim mineralnim NPK đubrivom i kombinacija sa zeolitom i hidrogelom, kojima je tretirano zemljište neposredno pred setvu. Dobijeni rezultati prosečnih prinosa ozime raži pokazuju značajne razlike između vegetacionih sezona 2008/2009. i 2009/2010. U poređenju sa kontrolom, tretmani u organskom sistemu gajenja nisu dali značajne razlike prosečnih vrednosti prinosa u obe godine istraživanja, dok je prosečan prinos dobijen u konvencionalnom sistemu gajenja bio značajno veći. U uslovima umerene vegetacione sezone 2008/2009. godine u regionu valjevskog pobrđa u organskom sistemu gajenja nije ustanovljeno smanjenje prinosa u odnosu na konvencionalni. Kombinacija zemljišnog sa folijarnim mikrobiološkim đubrivom i zeolitom je dala najbolji rezultat i najveći prinos ozime raži u drugoj godini istraživanja, pa se preporučuje kao najbolja kombinacija u organskom sistemu gajenja. U veoma vlažnoj godini, kao što je bila 2009/2010. mineralna đubriva su pokazala prednost, naročito u kombinaciji sa zeolitom i ovaj tretman se može preporučiti u sličnim uslovima

Effects of bacterial seed inoculation on microbiological soil status and maize grain yield

Rhizosphere microorganisms are essential for plant growth and development. Many factors, including environmental conditions, genotype, seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plant growth stages, influence rhizosphere microbiology. In this study, the dynamics of nitrogen and microbiological soil status at different growth stages of two maize hybrids, as well as their grain yield were analyzed, under the influence of seed inoculation with inoculant containing Azotobacter chroococum, Azotobacter vinelandii, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus licheniformis on during three experimental years. Higher nitrogen amount (NA), total number of microorganisms (TNM), number of azotobacters (NAZ), number of aminoheterotrophs (NAM), total number of sporogenic bacteria (NS), number of actinomycetes (NAC), number of oligotrophic (NO) and grain yield, as well as lower number of fungi (NF) were obtained under favorable environmental conditions. The hybrid NS 6010 had higher values of NA, TNM, NAZ, NAM, NO, and grain yield than hybrid Dijamant 6. What is more, higher NA, TNM, NAZ, NAM, NO, and grain yield were obtained under inoculation treatment, demonstrating that the microorganisms improve maize production and microbial abundance in the rhizosphere. The highest TNM, NAM, NF and NO were determined at stage 6-7 leaves, while the highest NA and NAC were at silking stage and NAZ at wax ripeness stage. Accordingly, hybrid choice and seed inoculation could serve as a good management practice for an increase in maize grain yield, and improved microbial population and nitrogen amount in the rhizosphere

Different genotypes of alternative small grains in organic farming

The main objectives were to examine different genotypes of alternative small grains important for food technology in organic farming conditions on morphological and productive characteristics. Four genotypes of different alternative small grains were included in the trial. Three of them were chosen for specific usage in food technology compact wheat Bambi - Triticum aestivum L. ssp. compactum, spelt Nirvana (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. spelta), durum wheat Durumko- (Triticum durum L.), and one which leads as a genotype for intensive conventional common wheat production in Serbia - NS 40S (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. vulgare). Plots were fertilized with biohumus "Royal ofert" (30 t ha(-1)) applied in autumn with basic tillage and microbial fertilizer "Slavol" ad as in spring foliar treatment in full tillering (51 ha(-1)). Alternative small grains durum wheat and compact wheat except splet gives lower grain yield in organic condition compared with comercial cultivar for high-input NS-40S

An Investigation Into Hybrid Aluminium/Composite Cardan Shaft

It is a well-known fact that natural resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Consequently, whenever possible in the machine element manufacture, metallic materials should be replaced with new artificial materials. This paper studies the possibility of replacing two cardan shafts of a truck TURBO ZETA 85.14B with one shaft made of aluminium and a composite material, while the basic requirements concerning the given load transfer and fundamental natural frequencies remain satisfied

Prinos zrna krupnika (triticum aestivum ssp spelta) u zavisnosti od lokaliteta gajenja

The paper examined the impact of growing localities on grain yield spelt (Triticum aestivum spp. spelta). The first location was a “Radmilovac” experimentally well-Faculty of Agriculture in Zemun on leached chernozem soil type, and second region is the mountains Zlatar, in mountainous conditions at over 1.000 m above sea level. In both localities research was conducted as to examine the effects of different microbiological fertilizers (Slavol) on spelt grain yield in organic farming systems. Microbiological fertilizer (Slavol) was applied in top-dressing at both locations. In the first locality in the fall, we used organic fertilizer (Ofert Royal) and in the second locality used microbiological fertilizer Uniker alone and in combination with soil additives (hydrogel and zeolite). In the first location (Radmilovac) gave the grain yield of 4.80 t ha-1 (2010/11) and 5.07 t ha-1 (2011/2012) on the control 4. 35 t ha-1 and the variant with top dressing 5.60 t ha-1. Applying the statistical analysis of data on grain yield in second locality, it was found that the greatest difference in yield was recorded between the investigation years: 4.60 t ha-1 (2010/11) and 2.82 t ha-1 (2011/12). When applying top dressing some differences were recorded, but they were not statistically significant (3.66 t ha-1 : 3.76 t ha-1).U ovom radu ispituje se značaj lokaliteta gajenja na prinos zrna alternativne vrste pšenice-krupnika (Triticum aestivum spp. spelta). Prvi lokalitet je eksperimentalno ogledno dobro Poljoprivrednog fakulteta “Radmilovac”. Usev je gajen na zemljištu tipa izluženi černozem. Drugi lokalitet je selo Radijevići, opština Nova Varoš-lokalitet Zlatara, nadmorska visina preko 1000 m. Ispitivan je uticaj različitih mikrobioloških i organskih đubriva i oplemenjivača zemljišta na prinos zrna krupnika u organskom sistemu gajenja. Mikrobiološko đubrivo (Slavol) je primenjeno u prihranjivanju u oba lokaliteta. U prvom lokalitetu, u jesen smo primenili organsko đubrivo (Ofert Royal) a na drugom lokalitetu mikrobiološko đubrivo Uniker samostalno ili u kombinaciji sa oplemenjivačima zemljišta (hidrogel i zeolit). Dobijeni prinosi zrna su bili veći u prvom lokalitetu, posebno u varijantama sa prihranjivanjem (5,60 t ha-1), u odnosu na kontrolnu varijantu (4,35 t ha-1). Posmatrano po godinama istraživanja, veći prinosi su dobijeni 2011/12 (5,07 t ha-1) a u 2010/11 (4,80 t ha-1). Na osnovu statističke analize dobijenih rezultata u drugom lokalitetu, ustanovljeno je da su najveće razlike u prinosu zrna između ispitivanih godina: 4,60 t ha-1 (2010/11) a 2,82 t ha-1 (2011/12). Takođe, postoje i razlike u varijantama sa prihranjivanjem (3,76 t ha-1) u odnosu na kontrolu (3,66 t ha-1), ali one nisu statistički značajne

Size Effect Assessment of KJc Experimental Data Using the Two-Step-Scaling Method

The phenomenon of ductile-to-brittle transition (DBT) in ferritic steels, widely used in design of nuclear reactor pres-sure vessels, has been a pervasive semi-centennial research topic. Due to the extremely pronounced experimental data scatter, the statistical approach to characterization of this problem has become inevitable from the earliest analyses. In the present study, the fracture toughness parameters derived from the EURO fracture toughness dataset for 22NiMoCr37 reactor steel are used with the aim to explore the utility of the recently proposed two-step-scaling method. Two widely different temperatures (-154 °C and -91 °C; belonging to the lower shelf and the DBT transition regions of fracture toughness, in respect) are selected to demon-strate the accuracy of extrapolation and interpolation of the fracture toughness CDF (cumulative distribution function) and the pertinent issues related to the method application. The fracture toughness measure used is the critical value of the stress intensity factor used in the master curve KJc (MPa√m). The obtained predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results and well within the inherent experimental data scatter. The prediction of the fracture toughness CDF obtained by extrapolation using the novel two-step-scaling method is reasonably conservative

Uticaj mikrobiološkog đubriva 'Slavol' na biomasu i prinos semena krmne repice

In this paper the effects of the application of microbiological fertilizer "Slavol" on the forage rape biomass and seed yield were investigated. By powdery form of "Slavol" seed was treated before sowing. The active matter of this fertilizer consists of the following bacteria: Azotobacter chroococum, Azotobacter vinelandi, Bacillus suptilis, B. megaterium, B. licheniformis. Since forage rape develops great mass of leaves and robust and branchy root it is important forage crop and suitable green manure. "Slavol" application significantly increased its biomass, as well as its seed yield. Seed yield is represented as total yield and successful seed production indicator – harvest index.U radu su ispitivani efekti primene mikrobiološkog đubriva "Slavol" na prinos biomase i semena krmne repice. Pre setve seme je zaprašeno "Slavolom" u praškastom obliku čiju aktivnu materiju čine Azotobacter chroococum Azotobacter vinelandi, Bacillus suptilis, B. megaterium, B. licheniformis. Kako krmna repica daje veliku količinu sočnog lišća i istovremeno razvija vrlo razgranat i robusni koren, značajna je krmna biljka i pogodna za zelenišno đubrivo. Primenom "Slavola" značajno je uvećana biomasa, a takođe i prinos semena, prikazan kroz ukupni prinos i kroz pokazatelj uspešnosti semenske proizvodnje – žetveni indeks