Chorologie, Ecologie et Usages des espèces sauvages apparentées aux légumes feuilles cultivées du genre Solanum L. au Sénégal : Cas de la zone des Niayes

Le genre Solanum est l'un des plus importants de la flore du Sénégal tant par sa richesse spécifique que par sa valeur socio-économique. Cependant, si les espèces cultivées font l’objet d’étude sous diverses formes, les sauvages sont fréquemment éliminées. L’étude vise à renseigner sur la chorologie, l’écologie et les usages des espèces sauvages apparentées de légumes feuilles cultivées. Des enquêtes ont été menées auprès des populations et les résultats obtenus ont été complétés par la recherche bibliographique et les informations mentionnées dans les parts d’herbier. L’étude révèle que ces espèces occupent des milieux divers. Au Sénégal, elles sont présentes dans toutes les zones agroécologiques avec une grande diversité dans la zone des Niayes. Elles se rencontrent aussi bien en milieux arides où la végétation est de type steppe qu’en milieux humides composées principalement de savanes et affectionnent mieux les sols ferrugineux tropicaux. L’étude ethnobotanique réalisée a révélé cinq types d’utilisation : médicinale (47,87%), alimentaire (27,66 %), culturelle (14,89%), fourragère 8,51% et artisanale 1,06%. Les organes affectés à ces utilisations sont la feuille (43,36%) suivie de la racine (30,97%), du fruit (24,78%) et de la tige (0,88%). La connaissance des espèces favorise une meilleure valorisation de celles qui vivent dans des écosystèmes en proie à une forte urbanisation.   The genus Solanum is one of the most important of the flora of Senegal both for its specific richness and its socio-economic value. However, while cultivated species are studied in various forms, wild species are frequently eliminated. The study aims to provide information on the chorology, ecology and uses of wild relatives of cultivated leafy vegetables. Population surveys were conducted and the results obtained were supplemented by literature search and information mentioned in the herbarium parts. The study revealed that these species occupy diverse environments. In Senegal, they are present in all agro-ecological zones with a great diversity in the Niayes zone. They are found in arid environments where the vegetation is steppe type as well as in humid environments composed mainly of savannah and are more fond of tropical ferruginous soils. The ethnobotanical study carried out revealed five types of use: medicinal (47.87%), food (27.66%), cultural (14.89%), fodder (8.51%) and artisanal (1.06%). The organs assigned to these uses are the leaf (43.36%) followed by the root (30.97%), the fruit (24.78%) and the stem (0.88%). The knowledge of the species favors a better valorization of those living in ecosystems in prey to a strong urbanization

Diversité Et Importance Socio-Economique Des Espèces Fruitières Sauvages Comestibles En Zone Kasa (Sud-Ouest Du Sénégal)

Wild fruit species provide local people with subsistence products and cash income. In addition to their food value, different used organs can, eventually, compromise the availability of these resources. This study aims to identify edible woody species in Kasa Zone and to analyze their socioeconomic importance. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted with 82 informants. Data collected were analyzed using Epi Info software and uses of species were classified into six categories. A Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA) highlighted species-organ relationships. Frequency of citations, fidelity index, selling price were used to show the socio-economic importance of the species. Results identified 62 edible species belonging to 31 families and 54 genera. These species were dominated by Annonaceae, Apocynaceae and generic diversity was more pronounced among Anacardiaceae. Identified species were mainly used for food (53%), energy (16%), technology (12%) and medicinal purposes (12%). The FCA showed three organ-use groups with a strong correlation between fruit and root on the one hand and leaf, bark and wood on the other. The study also identified 16 commercialized species. The fruit was the main organ consumed and marketed. The highest number of organs commercialized were recorded for Elaeis guineensis (4 organs) and Borassus aethiopium (3). These products, often collected and sold by women and children, came from villages and transited to markets through the "bana bana". Their prices depended on the locality isolation and the production period. These results open up perspectives for better management of the supply and commercialization of these forest resources