Dietary pattern of adolescent girls in relation to socio-economic factors; A comparison between North and South Tehran

Comparing dietary pattern and related socio-economic factors among adolescent girls in the North and South of Tehran, the capital of Iran. This cross-sectional and analytical study 210 adolescent girls, aged 14-17 years, from high schools in the North district of Tehran (n=105; high socio-economic level) and the South district (n=105; low socio-economic level) were selected by the two-step, cluster random sampling method. Demographic data, including mothers´ and fathers´ educational levels and parents´ occupation were gathered, using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Three questionnaires of food frequency, one-day 24-hour food recall and one-day 24-hour food record were used for assessing dietary pattern. The results showed that the frequency consumption of certain fatty foods, including dairy products and meat group, and fats in district 1 are higher than in district 19 adolescent girls; based on many differences such as life style and food accessibility. This indicated that there is a significant difference in the quality pattern of fat intake between the two districts. It is suggested to design and implement nutritional intervention programs for adolescent girls, particularly in the low socio- economic districts

Effect of conjugated linoleic acid, vitamin E and their combination on lipid profiles and blood pressure of Iranian adults with active rheumatoid arthritis

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), vitamin E, and combination of these nutrients on serum lipid profiles and blood pressure (BP) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 87 patients with active RA were divided into four groups receiving one of the following daily supplements for three months: Group C: CLAs 2.5 g equivalent to 2 g mixture of cis 9-trans 11 and trans 10-cis12 CLAs in a rate of 50/50; Group E: vitamin E: 400 mg; Group CE: CLAs and vitamin E at above doses: Group P: placebo. After supplementation, SBP levels decreased significantly in the group C in comparison with groups E and P and mean arterial pressure reduced significantly in groups C and CE. There weren’t significant differences in the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL/HDL, cholesterol/HDL, fasting blood sugar, C-reactive protein (CRP), arylestrase activity, platelet count and body mass index between groups. CRP dropped nonsignificantly in groups P, C, E and CE (19%, 24%, 55%, and 39%, respectively). Erythrocytes sedimentation rate levels decreased in groups C, E and CE (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.001, respectively). It is concluded that supplementation of CLAs decreased BP and vitamin E decreased CRP. Therefore cosupplementation of CLAs and vitamin E might be profitable for heart disease prevention in RA patients

Effects of administration of omega-3 fatty acids with or without vitamin E supplementation on adiponectin gene expression in PBMCs and serum adiponectin and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein levels in male patients with CAD

Objective: Adiponectin is a unique anti-atherogenic adipocytokine. Regulation of adiponectin secretion is dysfunctional in cardiovascular diseases. The current trial study assessed the effects of omega-3 fatty acids with or without vitamin E on adiponectin gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum adiponectin and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP; also called ap2 and FABP4) levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included 67 male patients with CAD. First of the four group of participants received 4 g/day omega-3 fatty acids plus 400 IU/day vitamin E (OE), second group 4 g/day omega-3 fatty acids plus vitamin E placebo (OP), or both omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin E placebos (PP) for 8 weeks. Adiponectin gene expression and serum adiponectin and FABP4 levels were evaluated. Results: The combination of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E in patients with CAD affected their serum adiponectin and FABP4 levels and the adiponectin/FABP4 ratio significantly. In the OP group, serum adiponectin levels did not change significantly. Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids with and without vitamin E had no significant effect on adiponectin gene expression. Conclusion: Omega-3 fatty acids with or without vitamin E improve adiponectin levels in patients, without any significant changes in adiponectin gene expression. This nutritional intervention may prevent complications in patients with CAD because of increased adiponectin levels. (Anatol J Cardiol 2015; 15: 981-9

THE EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ON BLOOD HOMOCYS-TEINE LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS

Abstract &nbsp;&nbsp; INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is regarded as serious condition for both the individual&nbsp;and the society.&nbsp;Its rapidly increasing global prevalence is&nbsp;a&nbsp;significant cause for concern. One of the most important reasons of mortality in diabetic patients is atherosclerosis. Many epidemiologic studies have shown that the total homocysteine concentration is a risk indicator for cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that its concentration is increased considerably in diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological data indicate that the consumption of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids (n-3FA) leads to a reduction in cardiovascular disorders and may protect against metabolic diseases. In recent years, many have studied omega-3 fatty acids but still, it cannot be used as an additive. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of &omega;3 on homocysteine in type 2 diabetic patients. &nbsp;&nbsp; METHODS: A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial was conducted on 80 type 2 diabetic patients aged 45-85 years with diabetes for at least 2 years. Anthropometric indices including body mass index (BMI) and medical history were obtained. Diabetic patients were randomly assigned to either the case or the control group. Each subject received 3 capsules per day (omega-3 or placebo) for a period of 2 months. A sample of 10&nbsp;ml blood was collected from each subject at the beginning and at the end of the study. Serum homocysteine was measured by Hitachi autoanalyzer with the Enzymatic Cycling method. Nutrient intake was estimated using 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire at the beginning and at the end of the trial for 2 days and analyzed by FPII. T-test was also used to compare the groups. &nbsp;&nbsp; RESULTS: Comparison of mean&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;SD (standard deviation) of BMI and food intake did not show any difference between the case and control groups. homocysteine levels were 3.10&nbsp;&micro;mol/lit and 0.126&nbsp;&micro;mol/lit in the case and control groups, respectively, and the difference was significant. &nbsp;&nbsp; CONCLUSION: Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation (3 g/per day) in the form of capsules can decrease homocysteine content in diabetic patients. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, omega-3 fatty acid, homocysteine. &nbsp;</p

Dietary and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Serum Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Levels in Pregnant Women in Tehran

Objective: To determine the levels of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in serum of primiparous women at the third trimester of pregnancy and identify the main determinants of POPs levels such as socio-demographic, lifestyle, and diet in Tehran. Materials and methods: One- hundred eighty five serum samples from two simultaneous case-control studies were collected from September 2013 until August 2015.Ten most abundant PCB congeners (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) congeners 28, 52, 74, 99, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180 and 187) as well as eight PBDE congeners (IUPAC congeners 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209)were analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explain the relationship between total PCBs and total BPDEs and most detected congeners and some determinants, separately. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participating women was 27.82 ± 5.24 years. The geometric mean (SD) of total PCBs was 2.42 ± 2.26 and total PBDEs was 1.28 ± 1.41 ng/g lipid. Only the PCB 138, PCB 153 and PBDE 153 were detected in 100% of samples. We observed a significant relationship between the time of being indoors and total PBDEs (P = 0.03). Passive smoking was significantly associated with PCB 153 (P = 0.049). The results of the linear regression analysis showed the negative and weak association (P-value < 0.05) between diet (egg and fat and oil consumption) and POPs in this population. Conclusion: It seems the most common route of exposure to PBDEs in our population is indoor pollutants. Meanwhile inhalation of smoke from environment is a route of exposure to PCB 153. Further study is needed to evaluate the effects of socio-demographics and especially dietary intake on POPs level

Effect of conjugated linoleic acid, vitamin E and their combination on lipid profiles and blood pressure of Iranian adults with active rheumatoid arthritis

Naheed Aryaeian1, Farhad Shahram2, Mahmoud Djalali1, Mohammad R Eshragian3, Abolghasem Djazayeri1, Abdolfatah Sarrafnejad4, Nasim Naderi2, Maryam Chamari1, Fariha Fatehi1, Mahnaz Zarei11Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; 2Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; 4Department of Immunology, School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, IranAbstract: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), vitamin E, and combination of these nutrients on serum lipid profiles and blood pressure (BP) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 87 patients with active RA were divided into four groups receiving one of the following daily supplements for three months: Group C: CLAs 2.5 g equivalent to 2 g mixture of cis 9-trans 11 and trans 10-cis12 CLAs in a rate of 50/50; Group E: vitamin E: 400 mg; Group CE: CLAs and vitamin E at above doses: Group P: placebo. After supplementation, SBP levels decreased significantly in the group C in comparison with groups E and P and mean arterial pressure reduced signifi cantly in groups C and CE. There weren&rsquo;t significant differences in the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL/HDL, cholesterol/HDL, fasting blood sugar, C-reactive protein (CRP), arylestrase activity, platelet count and body mass index between groups. CRP dropped nonsignificantly in groups P, C, E and CE (19%, 24%, 55%, and 39%, respectively). Erythrocytes sedimentation rate levels decreased in groups C, E and CE (P &le;&nbsp;0.05, P &le;&nbsp;0.05, P &le;&nbsp;0.001, respectively). It is concluded that supplementation of CLAs decreased BP and vitamin E decreased CRP. Therefore cosupplementation of CLAs and vitamin E might be profitable for heart disease prevention in RA patients.Keywords: rheumatoid arthritis, lipid profiles, blood pressure, conjugated linoleic acids, vitamin

RELATIONSHIPS OF SERUM LEPTIN CONCENTRATION WITH INSULIN, GLUCOSE, HbA1c LEVELS AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OVERWEIGHT POST-MENOPAUSAL DIABETIC WOMEN

Abstract &nbsp;&nbsp; BACKGROUND: Leptin, the product of the ob gene, could have a role in the pathogenesis of obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between serum leptin concentration and insulin, glucose, HbA1c levels and insulin resistance in diabetic women. &nbsp;&nbsp; METHODS: We studied 45 diabetic women and 45 healthy women (controls) who aged 45-60 years and had BMI of 25-30 kg/m2. Serum leptin, insulin, HbA1c, fasting blood sugar and insulin resistance were determined in the two groups. &nbsp;&nbsp; RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between leptin and insulin (r = 0.295, P = 0.049) and insulin resistance (r = 0.329, P = 0.027) in controls but non-significant correlation between leptin and HbA1c and fasting blood sugar were observed in the two groups. &nbsp;&nbsp; CONCLUSION: This study did not document any significant relationship between serum leptin and insulin, glucose, HbA1c and insulin resistance in diabetic women. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Leptin, Insulin.</p