18 research outputs found

    Papel de los polimorfismos de los genes CFH y ARMS2 en el desarrollo de la retinopatía y la cardiopatía isquémica en la diabetes tipo 1

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    Fundamento. La diabetes tipo 1 (DT1) es un enfermedad con elevada morbilidad vascular. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la asociación de los polimorfismos rs1410996 del gen CFH y rs10490924 del gen ARMS2 en pacientes con DT1. Material y métodos. Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, en el que se han analizado las características clínicas y los polimorfismos rs1410996 del gen CFH y rs10490924 del gen ARMS2 de 147 pacientes con DT1 valorados en la consulta de Endocrinología. Resultados. Todos los pacientes que desarrollaron retinopatía diabética proliferativa en los primeros 20 años de evolución eran portadores del polimorfismo rs1410996 del gen CFH. La frecuencia del alelo de riesgo fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica que en los que no la presentaban (75 frente a 53%, p<0,001). Conclusiones. Parece existir una tendencia a aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar retinopatía diabética proliferativa en los pacientes con DT1 asociado con el polimorfismo rs1410996 del gen CFH. Este polimorfismo parece asociarse también con el desarrollo de cardiopatía isquémica en estos pacientes. Sin embargo, el polimorfismo rs10490924 del gen ARMS2 no parece asociarse con la retinopatía ni con la cardiopatía isquémica.Background. Type 1 diabetes is associated with vascular morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of polymorphisms rs1410996 CFH and rs10490924 ARMS2 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and coronary disease in type 1 diabetes patients. Material and methods. We present a retrospective study that analyses the clinical characteristics and the polymorphisms rs1410996 CFH and rs10490924 ARMS2 of 147 type 1 diabetes patients. Results. The patients who developed proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the first 20 years carried the rs1410996 CFH polymorphism. The overall risk-allele frequency was significantly higher among patients with coronary artery disease than in those without it (75 vs. 53%, p<0.001). Conclusions. rs1410996 CFH polymorphism could be associated with both proliferative diabetic retinopathy and coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes patients. However, rs10490924 ARMS2 does not seem to be associated either with retinopathy or coronary artery disease

    Association of increased fibrinogen concentration with impaired activation of anticoagulant protein C

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    BACKGROUND: Low levels of activated protein C (APC) are a risk factor for venous thrombosis. The mechanisms leading to interindividual differences in APC are not totally elucidated. Protein C is activated by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. As thrombin binds to fibrinogen and thrombomodulin through a common region, it is conceivable that fibrinogen influences the activation of protein C. This would help to explain the association between high levels of fibrinogen and an increased thrombotic risk. METHODS: We analyzed the association between circulating APC levels and fibrinogen concentration in 382 healthy subjects. Subsequently, we studied the effect of increasing fibrinogen concentrations on the APC generation on cultured endothelial cells. RESULTS: An independent inverse association between circulating APC levels and fibrinogen was found [betacoefficient, -0.16; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -0.26, -0.06; P = 0.001]. For each 100 mg dL(-1) increase in fibrinogen, the independent risk of having low APC levels (<0.7 ng mL(-1)) was almost three times higher (OR 2.8; 95% CI 1.1, 7.2; P = 0.04). Accordingly, a notable association between increasing fibrinogen concentrations and the reduction in the thrombin-thrombomodulin dependent activation of protein C on endothelial cells was found (r = -0.57; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: We present evidence of an inverse association between circulating APC and fibrinogen levels. According to this finding together with the results of our in vitro experiments, we propose that the impairment in the generation of APC on endothelial cells constitutes a new prothrombotic mechanism of fibrinogen

    La educación interprofesional en la universidad: retos y oportunidades

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    La educación interprofesional (EIP) es clave para garantizar el aprendizaje integrado de los alumnos de diferentes titulaciones, que ejercerán una labor profesional basada en el cuidado centrado en la persona, de manera conjunta. El proyecto de EIP de la Universidad de Navarra pretende dar a los alumnos de medicina, enfermería y farmacia los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes necesarias para trabajar de manera interprofesional, centrándonos en trabajo en equipo, conocimiento y respeto de roles, resolución de conflictos y comunicación interprofesional. Para ello, el equipo de docentes implicados en este proyecto ha tenido que trabajar colaborativamente, experimentando las claves de este trabajo interprofesional, centrado en el alumno, constituyendo una experiencia enriquecedora, constructiva, y que ha aportado las claves del trabajo en equipo necesario para llevar a cabo un proyecto docente de EIP.Interprofessional Education is key to guarantee the integrated learning to different students, who will exercise together a professional work based on a person-centred care. The EIP project of the University of Navarra aims to provide to medical, nursing and pharmacy students with the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to work interprofessionally focu- sing on teamwork, knowledge and respect for roles, conflict resolution and interprofessional communication. To achieve this aim, the teachers from the different faculties involved in this project has worked collaboratively, experiencing the keys of this interprofessional work focused on the student, constituting an enriching, living a constructive experience and contributing to the cornerstone of the teamwork necessary to undertake an EIP teaching project

    Cholinergic modulation of spontaneous hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity and its circadian variation in man

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    Controversy still exists regarding the role of cholinergic pathways in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in man. We studied the effects of the administration of placebo, pyridostigmine (PD); 120 mg, orally), and the combination of PD and pirenzepine (PZP; 100 mg, orally) on ACTH, cortisol, and GH secretion at 0730 and 2230 h in seven normal males. PD induced a clear decrease in ACTH levels at both times of the day compared to treatment with placebo, producing higher suppression in the nocturnal period (34.4 +/- 5.8% vs. 21.8 +/- 10.7%). The combination PD and PZP prevented the inhibitory action of PD on ACTH secretion in the morning, but not in the evening, when ACTH values showed a decrease similar to that seen after giving PD alone (38.1 +/- 5.6% vs. 34.4 +/- 5.8%, respectively). Cortisol values declined only when the association PD plus PZP was given in the evening. GH levels had a significant increase after PD administration in the morning (4.1 +/- 1.2 ng/mL) and in the evening (10.2 +/- 1.6 ng/mL), confirming that cholinergic stimulation was taking place, whereas the addition of PZP to PD induced a significant attenuation of these responses. It is concluded that cholinergic pathways have a inhibitory role in ACTH secretion in man. M1 muscarinic receptors seem to be involved in the diurnal inhibition of PD, whereas our observations are consistent with the mediation of another type of cholinergic receptors as an explanation for the nocturnal effect of PD on ACTH secretion. PD did not alter the circadian variation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, whereas the association of PD and PZP increased the differences between diurnal and nocturnal ACTH values, suggesting a modulatory effect of the cholinergic system on the circadian rhythm of ACTH secretion

    Educación interprofesional: una propuesta de la Universidad de Navarra

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    La asistencia sanitaria centrada en el paciente es la clave para una atención humana a la persona y a su familia. La práctica colaborativa en equipos interprofesionales resulta imprescindible para alcanzar una atención sanitaria de calidad. La universidad tiene la responsabilidad de preparar a sus graduados para trabajar en equipos interprofesionales. Una enseñanza/aprendizaje centrada en la persona, fundamentada en las competencias que definen la educación interprofesional, es clave para que nuestros estudiantes reconozcan la necesidad del trabajo colaborativo. Este artículo detalla un proyecto docente de educación interprofesional de la Universidad de Navarra, donde estudiantes de las facultades de medicina, enfermería y farmacia aprenden juntos y de manera gradual, las claves de cómo trabajar en equipo

    Influencia del proyecto de Identidad Médica en la empatía de los estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de Navarra

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    El concepto de empatía fue utilizado por primera vez en 1873 por Robert Vischer, un historiador de arte y filósofo alemán que usó la palabra Einfühlung para abordar los sentimientos de un observador provocados por las obras de arte. Posteriormente, en 1903, Wilhelm Wundt, psicólogo, utilizó el término Einfühlung en el contexto de las relaciones humanas (1). La palabra empatía, del griego empátheia, es un neologismo acuñado por el psicólogo Edward Bradner Titchener (2) como traducción del término Einfühlung (3). Empátheia significa apreciación de los sentimientos de otra persona. Southard (4) fue el primero en describir la importancia de la empatía en la relación entre médico y paciente, para facilitar la comunicación del diagnóstico. El diccionario de la lengua española tiene dos acepciones para el término empatía: 1) sentimiento de identificación con algo o alguien; 2) capacidad de identificarse con alguien y compartir sus sentimientos

    Papel de los polimorfismos de los genes CFH y ARMS2 en el desarrollo de la retinopatía y la cardiopatía isquémica en la diabetes tipo 1

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    Fundamento. La diabetes tipo 1 (DT1) es un enfermedad con elevada morbilidad vascular. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la asociación de los polimorfismos rs1410996 del gen CFH y rs10490924 del gen ARMS2 en pacientes con DT1. Material y métodos. Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, en el que se han analizado las características clínicas y los polimorfismos rs1410996 del gen CFH y rs10490924 del gen ARMS2 de 147 pacientes con DT1 valorados en la consulta de Endocrinología. Resultados. Todos los pacientes que desarrollaron retinopatía diabética proliferativa en los primeros 20 años de evolución eran portadores del polimorfismo rs1410996 del gen CFH. La frecuencia del alelo de riesgo fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica que en los que no la presentaban (75 frente a 53%, p<0,001). Conclusiones. Parece existir una tendencia a aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar retinopatía diabética proliferativa en los pacientes con DT1 asociado con el polimorfismo rs1410996 del gen CFH. Este polimorfismo parece asociarse también con el desarrollo de cardiopatía isquémica en estos pacientes. Sin embargo, el polimorfismo rs10490924 del gen ARMS2 no parece asociarse con la retinopatía ni con la cardiopatía isquémica.Background. Type 1 diabetes is associated with vascular morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of polymorphisms rs1410996 CFH and rs10490924 ARMS2 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and coronary disease in type 1 diabetes patients. Material and methods. We present a retrospective study that analyses the clinical characteristics and the polymorphisms rs1410996 CFH and rs10490924 ARMS2 of 147 type 1 diabetes patients. Results. The patients who developed proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the first 20 years carried the rs1410996 CFH polymorphism. The overall risk-allele frequency was significantly higher among patients with coronary artery disease than in those without it (75 vs. 53%, p<0.001). Conclusions. rs1410996 CFH polymorphism could be associated with both proliferative diabetic retinopathy and coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes patients. However, rs10490924 ARMS2 does not seem to be associated either with retinopathy or coronary artery disease

    Papel de los polimorfismos de los genes CFH y ARMS2 en el desarrollo de la retinopatía y la cardiopatía isquémica en la diabetes tipo 1

    No full text
    Fundamento. La diabetes tipo 1 (DT1) es un enfermedad con elevada morbilidad vascular. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la asociación de los polimorfismos rs1410996 del gen CFH y rs10490924 del gen ARMS2 en pacientes con DT1. Material y métodos. Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, en el que se han analizado las características clínicas y los polimorfismos rs1410996 del gen CFH y rs10490924 del gen ARMS2 de 147 pacientes con DT1 valorados en la consulta de Endocrinología. Resultados. Todos los pacientes que desarrollaron retinopatía diabética proliferativa en los primeros 20 años de evolución eran portadores del polimorfismo rs1410996 del gen CFH. La frecuencia del alelo de riesgo fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica que en los que no la presentaban (75 frente a 53%, p<0,001). Conclusiones. Parece existir una tendencia a aumentar el riesgo de desarrollar retinopatía diabética proliferativa en los pacientes con DT1 asociado con el polimorfismo rs1410996 del gen CFH. Este polimorfismo parece asociarse también con el desarrollo de cardiopatía isquémica en estos pacientes. Sin embargo, el polimorfismo rs10490924 del gen ARMS2 no parece asociarse con la retinopatía ni con la cardiopatía isquémica.Background. Type 1 diabetes is associated with vascular morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of polymorphisms rs1410996 CFH and rs10490924 ARMS2 with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and coronary disease in type 1 diabetes patients. Material and methods. We present a retrospective study that analyses the clinical characteristics and the polymorphisms rs1410996 CFH and rs10490924 ARMS2 of 147 type 1 diabetes patients. Results. The patients who developed proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the first 20 years carried the rs1410996 CFH polymorphism. The overall risk-allele frequency was significantly higher among patients with coronary artery disease than in those without it (75 vs. 53%, p<0.001). Conclusions. rs1410996 CFH polymorphism could be associated with both proliferative diabetic retinopathy and coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes patients. However, rs10490924 ARMS2 does not seem to be associated either with retinopathy or coronary artery disease

    Validation of a sensor-fitted simulator for upper airway examination

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    Objective: To validate a simulator for upper airway examination, fitted with sensors, for use as an academic tool for learning how to conduct examination of the upper airway and for evaluation of that learning. Study design: Validation study. Setting: Undergraduate medical education. Subjects and methods: A group of 18 fifth-year medical students and another of 6 otorhinolaryngology specialists conducted 6 examinations each with the simulator. To investigate concurrent validity, we calculated the correlation between damage scores provided by the simulator and damage assessment by a specialist. To evaluate construct validity, we compared both groups with regard to damage scores, technical procedure, and time spent. To examine content and face validity, we used questionnaires based on a 5-point Likert scale. Results: For concurrent validity, the correlation between the simulator's damage scores and the specialist's damage assessment was high: Spearman's ρ was 0.828 (P < .001). For construct validity, the group of students differed from the group of specialists in damage scores (P = .027) and in technical procedures (P < .001) but not in time spent. For content validity, all questionnaire statements were scored highly, and both groups had similar average scores. For face validity, the group of specialists considered the simulator to be realistic, and all statements on the questionnaire were rated with at least 4/5. Conclusion: Concurrent, construct, content, and face validity have been demonstrated for a sensor-fitted simulator for upper airway examination, which is therefore accurate enough to be used as an academic tool for learning and evaluation of learning
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