48 research outputs found
Portrait démographique des grossesses en milieu défavorisé
Des compilations spĂ©ciales rĂ©alisĂ©es notamment Ă partir des donnĂ©es de lâEnquĂȘte sur la fĂ©conditĂ© menĂ©e au Canada en 1984 ont permis dâĂ©valuer lâincidence de la pauvretĂ© chez les femmes enceintes canadiennes et quĂ©bĂ©coises, et de tracer un profil descriptif des femmes enceintes Ă faible revenu. Les rĂ©sultats sont commentĂ©s sous trois angles : le niveau de scolaritĂ©, la situation matrimoniale et la fĂ©conditĂ©.Special tabulations, based in particular on the data obtained from the Canadian fertility survey of 1984, have made possible an analysis of the extent of poverty among Canadian pregnant women, and of the demographic profile of low income pregnant women. Results are presented according to three dimensions: educational level, marital status, and fertility.Compilaciones especiales realizadas a partir de los datos de la Encuesta sobre la fecundidad hecha en CanadĂĄ en 1984 han permitido evaluar la incidencia de la pobreza en las mujeres canadienses y quebequenses embarazadas y trazar un perfil descriptivo de las mujeres embarazadas de poco recurso. Los resultados estĂĄn comentados bajo 3 angulos: el nivel de escolaridad, la situaciĂłn matrimonial y la fecundidad
Disparités régionales dans la propension des Canadiennes à vivre en famille recomposée
Cette recherche situe l'importance des familles recomposĂ©es dans quatre rĂ©gions canadiennes (Atlantique, QuĂ©bec, Ontario et Ouest) Ă partir des donnĂ©es de deux enquĂȘtes rĂ©trospectives sur la famille menĂ©es en 1984 et en 1990. La premiĂšre partie de l'analyse fournit une estimation de l'ampleur du phĂ©nomĂšne dans les quatre rĂ©gions retenues, au moment oĂč les deux enquĂȘtes ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. La seconde partie examine dans quelle mesure les modalitĂ©s d'entrĂ©e dans le premier Ă©pisode en famille recomposĂ©e, vĂ©cu par les rĂ©pondantes rejointes en 1990, diffĂšrent d'une rĂ©gion Ă l'autre, et de quelle façon la propension des femmes Ă connaĂźtre cette expĂ©rience s'est modifiĂ©e au fil des gĂ©nĂ©rations; elle fournit Ă©galement des informations sur la durĂ©e et le type d'issue de ces Ă©pisodes familiaux. Plus globalement, l'analyse longitudinale des recompositions familiales permet de dĂ©gager les grands traits des modĂšles de constitution familiale existants dans les quatre rĂ©gions Ă©tudiĂ©es et d'esquisser l'Ă©volution attendue de ce type de famille.This study examines the relative distribution of step-families across four Canadian regions (Atlantic Provinces, QuĂ©bec, Ontario and the West), using data from two retrospective surveys on the family conducted in 1984 and 1990. The first part of the analysis measures the propensity of women to live in step-families in the four regions at the time of the two surveys. Based upon the 1990 survey, the second part examines the extent to which the methods of forming a step-family differ from one region to another, and the manner in which the propensities of women to experience this situation for the first time has changed over generations; it also provides information on the length and the result of these family episodes. More generally, the longitudinal analysis of family recomposition enables one to identify the major trends in family composition across the four regions studied, and to sketch the expected evolution of step-families in these regions
Poster Introductions II--Childrenâs Health Prior to School Entry and Reading Skills in the First Year of Primary School: Identifying Protective Factors
Background: Reading skills at school entry are one of the main determinants of future academic performance.1 Therefore, less than optimal health during the first years of life can affect the capacity for learning,2 which in turn can have an impact on health and social adjustment throughout life. The main goal of this analysis was to examine the impact of young childrenâs health trajectories on their reading skills in the first year of primary school (Grade 1), as assessed by their teachers.
Methods: The analysis was based on data collected annually during the first eight years of the QuĂ©bec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD 1998-2010). The target population included all children (singleton births, excluding premature) born to mothers in 1997-1998 residing in QuĂ©bec, Canada. A regression analysis was conducted to examine the impact of health trajectories from birth to school entry on reading skills in Grade 1. Interactions was tested to ascertain to what degree stimulation activities in the pre-school period such as family reading habits, the motherâs verbal and emotional skills, and daycare attendance can contribute to reducing inequalities in reading skills between children with less than optimal health and their peers.
Findings: The results revealed that less than optimal health, particularly in early childhood, was associated with lower reading skills in the first year of primary school. Therefore, certain health problems in young children may affect their capacity to learn well before formal education in reading has begun at school. However, the significant association with health trajectories decreased when the motherâs educational level entered into the model, the latter being revealed as one of the variables with the strongest association with childrenâs reading performance. All things being equal, higher verbal and emotional skills in the mother as assessed by the interviewer when the children were very young seemed to be a protective factor in children who were more vulnerable in terms of their health status.
Research and policy implications: Given the importance of reading skills for success in school and future social adjustment, it will be important to conduct further analyses in order to gain a better understanding of protective factors in children at higher risk because of health problems or the low educational level of the parents. Activates designed to improve parenting skills and/or stimulate interest in reading may contribute to fostering learning skills in reading in the first year of primary school in the most vulnerable populations.
1. DUNCAN, G. J., C. J. DOWSETT, A. CLAESSENS, K. MAGNUSON, A. HUSTON, P. KLEBANOV, L. PAGANI, L. FEINSTEIN, M. ENGEL, J. BROOKS-GUNN, H.R. SEXTON, K. DUCKWORTH, & C. JAPEL (2007). âSchool readiness and later achievement,â Developmental Psychology, vol. 43, no. 6, p. 1426-1446.
2. DESROSIERS H., and A. DUCHARME (2008). Poverty, Child Health, and Cognitive Development at Age 6: Some results from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD, Canada), poster presented at the 20th Biennial ISSBD Meeting, Wurzburg (Germany), July 15, 2009
Lâacquisition du vocabulaire chez les jeunes enfants au QuĂ©bec : le rĂŽle de lâenvironnement familial et Ă©conomique
Cette Ă©tude sâintĂ©resse aux facteurs associĂ©s Ă lâacquisition du vocabulaire rĂ©ceptif des enfants dâĂąge prĂ©scolaire en examinant plus spĂ©cifiquement la relation entre diverses caractĂ©ristiques de lâenvironnement familial et Ă©conomique dans lequel les enfants grandissent. Les analyses de cette Ă©tude reposent sur les donnĂ©es de lâĂtude longitudinale du dĂ©veloppement des enfants du QuĂ©bec (ĂLDEQ), dont 1 782 enfants ĂągĂ©s dâenviron 3 1/2 ans ont rĂ©pondu Ă lâĂchelle de vocabulaire en images Peabody (ĂVIP). Cette Ă©tude met dâabord en Ă©vidence le rĂŽle de la prĂ©caritĂ© Ă©conomique et des activitĂ©s de stimulation des parents sur lâacquisition du vocabulaire rĂ©ceptif chez les jeunes enfants. Elle fait Ă©galement ressortir lâimportance des donnĂ©es longitudinales prospectives pour mieux cerner ce qui, dans lâenvironnement familial et Ă©conomique des enfants, peut contribuer Ă favoriser le dĂ©veloppement des habiletĂ©s cognitives des enfants.This study addresses the factors associated with receptive vocabulary acquisition in children of preschool age. It specifically examines the link between various characteristics of the family and the economic environment in which children are growing up. The analyses in this study are based on data from the QuĂ©bec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD), in which 1 782 children approximately 3Âœ years old were administered the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). The study reveals the role of economic insecurity and parental stimulation activities in receptive vocabulary acquisition of toddlers. It also indicates the importance of prospective longitudinal data in gaining a better understanding of the family and economic factors that can help foster the development of cognitive skills in children
Match between needs and services for participation of older adults receiving home care : Appraisals and challenges
Abstract : Purpose. This paper aims to explore the match between needs and services related to participation for frail older adults receiving home care. Design/methodology/approach. A qualitative multiple case study was conducted with 11 triads each involving an elder, a caregiver and a healthcare provider working in a Health and Social Services Centers (HSSCs). Findings. Although HSSCs in QuĂ©bec are supposed to promote social integration and participation of older adults, services provided to the older adults in this study focused mainly on safety and independence in personal care, dressing, mobility and nutrition, without fully meeting older adultsâ needs in these areas. Discrepancies between needs and services may be attributable to the assessment not covering all the dimensions of social participation or accurately identifying older adultsâ complex needs; older adultsâ and their caregiversâ difficulties identifying their needs and accepting their limitations and the assistance offered; healthcare providersâ limited knowledge and time to comprehensively assess needs and provide services; guidelines restricting the types and quantity of services to be supplied; and limited knowledge of older adults, caregivers and healthcare providers about services and resources available in the community. Originality/value. To improve and maintain older adultsâ participation, a more thorough assessment of their participation, especially in social activities, is required, as is greater support for older adults and their families in using available community resources. It is also important to review the services provided by HSSCs and to optimize partnerships with community organizations
Un projet collaboratif avec les jeunes inuits, leurs familles et communautĂ©s : la persĂ©vĂ©rance scolaire sous lâangle des pratiques Ă©ducatives informelles, de la recherche scientifique communautaire et des cheminements Ă©ducatifs
Comprend des rĂ©fĂ©rences bibliographiquesDes Ă©tudes sur la persĂ©vĂ©rance scolaire dans lâInuit Nunangat ont relevĂ© des lacunes en matiĂšre dâopportunitĂ©s Ă©ducatives qui se perpĂ©tuent pour les jeunes et les jeunes adultes Inuits. En mĂȘme temps, de nombreuses initiatives et projets sans prĂ©cĂ©dent ont vu le jour ces derniĂšres annĂ©es, sous lâimpulsion des Inuits et de leurs communautĂ©s. Ceux-ci rĂ©pondent aux prĂ©occupations de la communautĂ© tout en rĂ©duisant ce dĂ©ficit dâopportunitĂ©s, et contribuent Ă lâautodĂ©termination et Ă la mise en valeur de la culture. Lâobjectif de ce projet Ă©tait de dĂ©crire les contributions Ă©ducatives des programmes et des projets menĂ©s par les Inuits dans trois communautĂ©s, sous lâangle de lâapprentissage tout au long de la vie et de la persĂ©vĂ©rance, tels que fondĂ©s sur lâInuit Qaujimajatuqangit (IQ) ou lâĂ©pistĂ©mologie inuite
Gender-specific associations between functional autonomy and physical capacities in independent older adults: Results from the NuAge study
Abstract : Background: Even with healthy and active aging, many older adults will experience a decrease in physical capacities. This decrease might be associated with diminished functional autonomy. However, little is known about the physical capacities associated with functional autonomy in older women and men. Objective: This study aimed to examine gender-specific associations between functional autonomy and physical capacities in independent older women and men. Methods: Secondary analyses were carried out using cross-sectional data from 652 women and 613 men who participated in the NuAge longitudinal study. The "functional autonomy measurement system" (SMAF) was used to evaluate functional autonomy. The physical capacities measured (tests used) were: biceps and quadriceps strength (Microfet dynamometer), grip strength (Martin vigorimeter), unipodal balance, changing position & walking (timed up and go), normal & fast walking (four-meter walking speed) and changing position (chair stand). Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for age, depressive symptoms and body composition were performed. Results: On average, participants were aged 73 years and had mild to moderate functional autonomy loss. In women, after controlling for age, depressive symptoms and body composition, greater functional autonomy was best explained by faster changing position & walking skills and superior biceps strength (R2 = 0.46; p < 0.001). After controlling for depressive symptoms, faster changing position & walking skills and better unipodal balance best explained greater functional autonomy in men (R2 = 0.21; p < 0.001). Conclusion: According to these results, physical capacities are moderately associated with functional
autonomy among independent older adults, especially women