Elaboration of the teaching topic Sense of sight in the 2nd grade of high school

Osjetilo vida, kao jedno od najvažnijih osjetila kojim primamo velik broj informacija u svakodnevnom životu, uglavnom je vrlo zanimljiva tema učenicima. Kreirajući nastavu u kojoj učenici postaju aktivni sudionici, komparativnim se pristupom mogu istodobno promatrati prilagodbe određenog sustava koje su razvile različite skupine organizama. Uspoređivanjem organizama na temelju funkcionalnih i morfoloških značajki osjetila vida te stavljanjem u odnos sposobnost reakcije na podražaje i preživljavanje različitih organizama, promatrajući s evolucijskog aspekta kako su određene prilagodbe doprinijele opstanku vrste, učenici dobivaju pravu sliku živoga svijeta. Na taj način omogućuje se učenicima uvid u načine razvoja pojedinih sustava i mogućnosti opstanka vrste u ekosustavu. Nastavni sat u kojem su učenici aktivni sudionici obrazovnog procesa oblikuje se korištenjem brojnih interaktivnih sadržaja i dodatnih materijala (za čiju je izradu potrebno uložiti dosta truda i vremena) te potkrepljivanjem primjerima koji su poznati učenicima iz svakodnevnog života. Unatoč tome što mnogi učenici nisu naviknuti na takav pristup, povratne informacije prikupljene tijekom i nakon ovakve obrade nastavne jedinice ukazuje da se od njega ne smije odustajati jer dugoročno se može razviti u rutinu i omogućiti lakše usvajanje novih sadržaja poput triju osnovnih strukturnih elemenata osjetila vida.The sense of sight, as one of the most important senses through which we receive a large amount of information in everyday life, is often a very interesting topic for students. By creating a teaching in which students become active participants, a comparative approach can be used to simultaneously observe adaptations of a particular system that have been developed by different groups of organisms. By comparing organisms based on the functional and morphological characteristics of the sense of sight and comparing the ability to respond to stimuli and survival of different organisms, observing from an evolutionary point of view how certain adaptations contributed to the survival of the species, students get a true picture of the living world. In this way, students are given an insight into the ways of development of individual systems and the possibilities of species survival in the ecosystem. The lesson in which students are active participants in the educational process is formed by using a number of interactive content and additional materials (which require a lot of effort and time) and supporting examples that are familiar to students from everyday life. Despite the fact that many students are not accustomed to such an approach, the feedback gathered during and after such teaching indicates that it should not be abandoned because it can develop into a routine in the long run and allow easier adoption of new content such as three basic structural elements

Gymnasium Josip Slavenski Čakovec, Secondary school Čakovec, Čakovec, Croatia

Suvremeni nastavnik suočen je na dnevnoj bazi s brojnim izazovima kako motivirati učenike tijekom nastavnog procesa. Razvijajući različite metode učenja i poučavanja, težnja mu je pridobiti pažnju učenika. Korištenjem društvenih igara u nastavnom procesu omogućuje se da učenici postaju aktivni sudionici obrazovnog procesa. Klasična igra „Čovječe ne ljuti se“ može se upotrijebiti u svrhu usvajanja pojedinog gradiva ili za sistematizaciju naučenog gradiva. Na taj način se postiže da klasična igra postaje igra za učenje i poučavanje. Uz sve to može se provesti vrednovanje za učenje i vrednovanje kao učenje. Korištenje društvenih igara u nastavnom procesu kod učenika razvija osjećaj sigurnosti, samokontrole, samostalnosti, razvija brojne socijalne vještine te jača samopouzdanje. U tom pogledu, vrlo je važna uloga nastavnika koji će prilagoditi igru i usmjeravati učenike tijekom igranja igre s ciljem ostvarivanja razumijevanja učenika na poticajan i zabavan način.The modern teacher faces a number of challenges on a daily basis when it comes to how to motivate students during instruction. Through the development of various learning and teaching methods, he tries to gain students\u27 attention. The use of board games in the classroom allows students to actively participate in the educational process. The classic game "Man, Don\u27t Get Angry" can be used for the purpose of adopting individual material or systematizing the learned material, thus achieving that the classic game becomes a didactic game. In addition, assessment for learning and assessment as learning can be carried out. The use of social games in the teaching process promotes a sense of security, self-control and independence of students, develops numerous social skills and strengthens self-confidence. In this regard, the role of the teacher who will adapt the game and guide the students while playing the game with the aim of achieving the students\u27 understanding in a stimulating and fun way is very important

A SYSTEM FOR REMOTE HEART RATE MEASUREMENT USING A CONSUMER CAMERA

Učinkovit i nenametljiv postupak mjerenja srčanog ritma može biti izrazito koristan kao pomoć pri brzoj procjeni fizičkog i mentalnog stanja. Prvenstveni cilj ovog rada je predstaviti računalni sustav, razvijen od strane autora, za udaljeno mjerenje srčanog ritma pomoću obične komercijalne kamere. Osim za brzu procjenu fizičkog stanja, računalni sustav može se koristi u sprezi s bazama afektivne multimedije za različite oblike psihoterapije kao što je biofeedback ili kognitivno-bihevioralna terapija. Sustav koristi biblioteku otvorenog koda OpenCV kako bi se obradom signala iz slike lica procijenila vrijednost srčanog ritma ispitanika. Svi podaci se pohranjuju u relacijsku bazu podataka za kasniju analizu. Klijentski segment sustava je potpuno mobilan. Točnost sustava ispitana je u eksperimentu. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da se ovakva tehnologija može uspješno koristiti za mjerenje srčanog ritma u stanju mirovanja, dok su potrebne daljnje optimizacije za mjerenje tijekom ili nakon fizičkih aktivnosti.An effective and unobtrusive procedure for measuring heart rate can be extremely useful as an aid in rapid assessment of physical and mental condition. The primary aim of this paper is to present a computer system, developed by the authors, for remote heart rate measurement using a commercial camera. Except for a quick assessment of the physical condition, the computer system can be used in conjunction with affective multimedia databases for different forms of psychotherapy such as biofeedback or cognitive-behavioral therapy. The system utilizes the OpenCV open-source library to estimate the heart rate by processing subject’s facial images. All data is stored in the relational database for later analysis. The client segment of the system is completely mobile. System accuracy was evaluated in an experiment. The results indicate that this technology can be successfully used to measure heart rate in a rest state, while further optimization is required for measurement during or after physical activities

Activities of simulated inquiry-based observations in biology to support the development of higher-level cognitive processes

Pandemija COVID-19 postavila je nastavnicima izazov kako u online okruženju prikladno poučavati i vrednovati, a da se pri tome razvija prirodoznanstvena kompetencija koja, između ostalog, uključuje proceduralnu i metakognitivnu dimenziju znanja. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi učinkovitost učenja primjenom ASIO modela učenja (Aktivnosti Simuliranog Istraživačkog Otkrivanja u biologiji ) odnosno utvrditi potiče li taj model učenja kognitivne procese više razine. U tu svrhu uspoređivali su se rezultati učenja učenika koji su u online okruženju učili metodom usmenog izlaganja (kontrolna skupina) i rezultati učenja učenika koji su u online okruženju učili primjenom ASIO modela učenja (eksperimentalna skupina). U istraživanju je sudjelovao 181 učenik 4. razreda gimnazije i 275 učenika 3. razreda gimnazije koji su tijekom školske godine 2021./2022 učili ASIO modelom učenja. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju bolju ukupnu riješenost pisane provjere znanja učenika eksperimentalne skupine kao i bolju riješenost zadataka koji ispituju više kognitivne razine znanja. Analiza rezultata pokazala je da je rješavanje zadataka nakon korištenja ASIO modela učenja uz korištenje BUBO virtualne učionice sveukupno 32 % uspješnije, dok zadaci pojedinih kognitivnih razina imaju čak 45 % bolje rezultate u odnosu na kontrolne skupine.The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged teachers and opened the door to how to appropriately teach and evaluate acquisition of knowledge and science skills that examine the procedural and metacognitive dimensions of students\u27 knowledge in an online environment. This thought also launched the project "Learning biology in an epidemiologically adapted research environment" as part of the project "health, economic and educational aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic" (IP-CORONA-2020-12). The goal of the research is to determine the effectiveness of the materials used for the 3rd grade of high school in solving tasks that examine procedural and metacognitive levels of knowledge in relation to traditional teaching methods. 181 students of the 4th grade of high school took part in the project, in September 2021. they took an online written knowledge test, and 275 students of the 3rd grade of high school used the created materials during the 2021/2022 school year. The 3rd grade students took the written knowledge test in June 2022. The results of the research show a better overall solution for the written knowledge test of the students of the experimental group, as well as a better solution for the tasks that examine higher knowledge cognitive levels. The analysis of the results showed that the solving of tasks after using the ASIO learning model using the BUBO virtual classroom is overall 32 % more successful while questions from certain cognitive levels have even 45 % better results compared to control groups

NPAHs and OPAHs in the atmosphere of two central European cities: Seasonality, urban-to-background gradients, cancer risks and gas-to-particle partitioning

Derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as nitrated- and oxygenated-PAHs (NPAHs and OPAHs) could be even more toxic and harmful for the environment and humans than PAHs. We assessed the spatial and seasonal variations of NPAHs and OPAHs atmospheric levels, their cancer risks and their gas-to-particle partitioning. To this end, about 250 samples of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and 50 gaseous samples were collected in 2017 in central Europe in the cities of Brno and Ljubljana (two traffic and two urban background sites) as well as one rural site. The average particulate concentrations were ranging from below limit of quantification to 593 pg m-3 for Σ9NPAHs and from 1.64 to 4330 pg m-3 for Σ11OPAHs, with significantly higher concentrations in winter compared to summer. In winter, the particulate levels of NPAHs and OPAHs were higher at the traffic site compared to the urban background site in Brno while the opposite was found in Ljubljana. NPAHs and OPAHs particulate levels were influenced by the meteorological parameters and co-varied with several air pollutants. The significance of secondary formation on the occurrence of some NPAHs and OPAHs is indicated. In winter, 27-47% of samples collected at all sites were above the acceptable lifetime carcinogenic risk. The gas-particle partitioning of NPAHs and OPAHs was influenced by their physico-chemical properties, the season and the site-specific aerosol composition. Three NPAHs and five OPAHs had higher particulate mass fractions at the traffic site, suggesting they could be primarily emitted as particles from vehicle traffic and subsequently partitioning to the gas phase along air transport. This study underlines the importance of inclusion of the gas phase in addition to the particulate phase when assessing the atmospheric fate of polycyclic aromatic compounds and also when assessing the related health risk.This project was supported by the European Union's H2020 Framework Programme (ICARUS project) under grant agreement No – 690105, by the Czech Science Foundation (#P503 20-07117S) and by the RECETOX (LM2018121) and ACTRIS-CZ (LM2018122) research infrastructures funded by the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic and the European Structural and Investment Funds (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001761 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001315). Funding of the Slovenian Agency of research through a programme P1-0143 is acknowledged. H2020 ERA-PLANET (No. 689443) iGOSP project is also acknowledged.S

Health of the Slovenian population: Where do we stand?

Aim: Aiming at assessing the state of the Slovenian population health according to the latest available data, and comparing it with health in selected countries, the objective was to analyse the burden of disease (BoD) data available in a selected database. Methods: The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease Study (IHME-GBD) database was used. Causes of all three big IHME-GBD groups: A) communicable, maternal/neonatal conditions, and nutritional deficiencies, B) non-communicable diseases, and C) injuries, in total 18 groups of causes, were observed. Overall mortality, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Life Lost (YLLs) and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) (all per 100.000 population), were used as indicators. Percentage of BoD generated by selected cause, and the ratios of rates in 2019 versus rates in 2014 (reference year) in Slovenia, and the ratios of rates in Slovenia versus rates in Western Europe Region countries (WERC) were analysed. Ratios >1.20 or ˂0.83 were considered as important. Results: When considering mortality, the greatest burden was generated by cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. In maternal/neonatal conditions, an important decrease in overall (0.68) and premature (0.68) mortality, while in nutritional deficiencies an increase in overall mortality (1.27) were observed. An increase in overall mortality was noticed also in neurological disorders (1.21), diabetes (1.21) and skin diseases (1.24). Mortality rates were higher in Slovenia than in WERC in digestive diseases, substance use, unintentional injuries and self-harm. When considering disability, the greatest burden was generated by musculoskeletal and mental disorders, and unintentional injuries. Disability rates were higher in Slovenia than in WERC in maternal/neonatal conditions, and unintentional and transport injuries. Conclusion: In the observed five-year time span, cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms remained at the forefront. However, their burden didn’t change. Causes with burden expressed by disability, musculoskeletal and mental disorders, and unintentional injuries, which has been neglected in the past due to lack of indicators, proved to be an important problem as well. MPHPs in which a lot has to be done to reach rates in WERC, digestive diseases, substance use, and injuries, were identified

Napotki za premagovanje neželenih učinkov sistemskega zdravljenja raka : kaj morate vedeti?

V knjižici opisujemo različne vrste sistemskega zdravljenja, kamor uvrščamo zdravljenje s citostatiki (to je s kemoterapijo), hormonskimi zdravili in tarčnimi zdravili. S temi zdravili pa ne vplivamo samo na rakave celice, ampak tudi na zdrave celice v telesu, zaradi česar med zdravljenjem lahko nastanejo neželeni učinki. Nekatere neželene učinke lahko preprečimo ali pa jih uspešno lajšamo, če se že pojavijo